﻿110 
  PB0CEEDIN08 
  OF 
  THE 
  NATIONAL 
  MUSEUM. 
  vol.44. 
  

  

  of 
  the 
  medusa 
  and 
  siphonophore 
  fauna 
  swings 
  awaj 
  from 
  the 
  coast, 
  

   with 
  the 
  easterly 
  trend 
  of 
  the 
  Kuro 
  Shiro 
  current, 
  because 
  the 
  few 
  

   species 
  previously 
  known 
  from 
  the 
  east 
  coast 
  of 
  Hokkaido, 
  and 
  

   those 
  found 
  there 
  by 
  the 
  Albatross, 
  that 
  is, 
  Sarsia 
  japonica, 
  

   PtycJiogena 
  lactea, 
  AglantJia 
  digitale, 
  Haliclystus 
  auricula, 
  Aurelia 
  

   aurita, 
  Aurelia 
  limhata, 
  and 
  Dipliyes 
  arctica, 
  are 
  of 
  a 
  distinctly 
  north- 
  

   ern 
  cast. 
  

  

  In 
  summer 
  the 
  warm 
  Kuro 
  Shiro 
  water, 
  with 
  its 
  characteristic 
  

   fauna, 
  is 
  periodically 
  driven 
  out 
  from 
  the 
  shore 
  off 
  Tsuruga 
  Gulf, 
  by 
  

   northwest 
  winds, 
  and 
  its 
  place 
  taken 
  by 
  much 
  colder 
  water 
  (Doflein, 
  

   1908); 
  and 
  the 
  few 
  available 
  winter 
  records, 
  for 
  example, 
  RatKkea 
  

   hlumenbachii 
  and 
  PhacellopJiora 
  amhigua 
  from 
  Misaki 
  (Kishinouye), 
  

   show 
  that 
  some 
  northern 
  species 
  reach 
  the 
  coasts 
  of 
  Nipon 
  at 
  that 
  

   season 
  ; 
  whether 
  any 
  of 
  them 
  do 
  so 
  in 
  summer 
  is 
  not 
  yet 
  known. 
  

  

  An 
  interesting 
  parallel 
  may 
  be 
  drawn 
  between 
  the 
  pelagic 
  coelen- 
  

   terate 
  fauna 
  of 
  the 
  northeastern 
  coasts 
  of 
  Asia 
  and 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  

   northeast 
  coast 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States. 
  It 
  has, 
  of 
  course, 
  been 
  long 
  

   recognized 
  that 
  the 
  east 
  coast 
  of 
  Japan 
  and 
  the 
  southern 
  shores 
  of 
  

   New 
  England 
  share 
  certain 
  striking 
  oceanic 
  phenomena, 
  both 
  being 
  

   bathed 
  in 
  winter 
  by 
  cold, 
  almost 
  Arctic 
  waters 
  of 
  northern 
  origin, 
  

   which 
  in 
  summer 
  are 
  periodically 
  displaced 
  by 
  the 
  northerly 
  swing 
  

   of 
  a 
  very 
  warm 
  current, 
  the 
  Kuro 
  Shiro 
  in 
  the 
  Pacific, 
  the 
  GuLf 
  

   Stream 
  in 
  the 
  Atlantic. 
  On 
  the 
  Japanese 
  coast 
  the 
  warm 
  stream 
  

   holds 
  almost 
  continuous 
  sway 
  in 
  summer; 
  but 
  on 
  the 
  south 
  coast 
  

   of 
  New 
  England 
  its 
  full 
  effect 
  is 
  felt 
  only 
  occasionally, 
  though 
  it 
  

   tempers 
  the 
  surface 
  waters 
  to 
  a 
  marked 
  degree 
  throughout 
  the 
  

   warm 
  months. 
  Off 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  Nipon, 
  in 
  the 
  region 
  of 
  Sagami 
  

   and 
  Suruga 
  Gulf 
  the 
  annual 
  range 
  of 
  temperature 
  is 
  from 
  about 
  50° 
  

   to 
  about 
  80°; 
  off 
  Narragansett 
  Bay, 
  in 
  New 
  England, 
  from 
  about 
  

   38° 
  (it 
  occasionally 
  freezes 
  in 
  the 
  bay) 
  to 
  about 
  76°; 
  and 
  of 
  course 
  

   even 
  greater 
  extremes 
  and 
  various 
  anomalies 
  are 
  observed 
  in 
  partially 
  

   enclosed 
  waters. 
  

  

  To 
  both 
  of 
  these 
  regions 
  the 
  warm 
  current 
  brings 
  an 
  abundant 
  

   tropical 
  oceanic 
  pelagic 
  fauna 
  in 
  summer; 
  but 
  this 
  deserts 
  New 
  

   England, 
  and 
  probably 
  Japan, 
  in 
  autumn, 
  when 
  the 
  warm 
  waters 
  

   to 
  which 
  it 
  belongs 
  recede. 
  And 
  in 
  neither 
  region 
  is 
  the 
  leptoline 
  

   medusa 
  fauna 
  tropical; 
  thus 
  there 
  are 
  very 
  few 
  leptoline 
  species 
  

   common 
  to 
  Narragansett 
  Bay 
  and 
  to 
  the 
  West 
  Indies, 
  though 
  the 
  

   former 
  receives 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  characteristic 
  tropical 
  oceanic 
  medusae 
  

   every 
  summer; 
  and 
  the 
  same 
  is 
  true 
  of 
  Japan; 
  nor 
  indeed 
  would 
  

   we 
  expect 
  to 
  find 
  litoral 
  tropical 
  species 
  taking 
  permanent 
  foothold 
  

   in 
  regions 
  where 
  they 
  would 
  have 
  to 
  survive 
  boreal 
  temperatures 
  at 
  

   some 
  stage 
  of 
  development. 
  

  

  In 
  New 
  England 
  tropical 
  medusae 
  seldom 
  penetrate 
  north 
  of 
  Mas- 
  

   sachusetts 
  Bay, 
  beyond 
  which 
  point, 
  in 
  summer, 
  we 
  find 
  boreal 
  species 
  

   such 
  as 
  Melicertum 
  campanula, 
  Staurophora 
  mertensii, 
  Catableraa 
  

  

  