﻿380 
  

  

  PROCEEDINGS 
  OF 
  THE 
  NATIONAL 
  MUSEUM. 
  

  

  Foiir 
  retractors 
  

  

  Two 
  retractors. 
  

  

  Hooks 
  absent- 
  

  

  Hooks 
  present. 
  

  

  SYNOPSIS 
  OP 
  SPECIES. 
  

  

  [Longitudinal 
  muscles 
  discontinuous.?'. 
  gouldii 
  (VourValbs) 
  . 
  

  

  I 
  Longitudinal 
  muscles 
  continuous; 
  

  

  I 
  No 
  hooks 
  on 
  introvert 
  margaritaceum 
  (Sars). 
  

  

  I 
  Hooks 
  on 
  introvert 
  qjlindratum 
  Keferstein. 
  

  

  'proccrum 
  Mcebius. 
  

  

  eremita 
  (Sars). 
  

  

  cremita, 
  new 
  var. 
  scabra. 
  

  

  verrillii 
  Gerould. 
  

  

  flagriferum 
  Selenka. 
  

  

  sabellarise 
  Th^el. 
  

  

  j.m.'provisum 
  Th^el. 
  

  

  cinereum, 
  new 
  species. 
  

   [cinctum, 
  new 
  species. 
  

  

  PHASCOLOSOMA 
  GOULDU 
  (Pourtalfes). 
  

  

  Sipunculus 
  gouldii 
  Pourtales, 
  1851. 
  

   Phascolosoma 
  gouldii 
  Diesing, 
  1859. 
  

  

  This 
  common 
  littoral 
  species 
  is 
  found 
  along 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  New 
  Eng- 
  

   land 
  from 
  Casco 
  Bay 
  southward 
  to 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  Connecticut 
  (New 
  

   Haven), 
  and 
  on 
  Long 
  Island, 
  New 
  York 
  (Cold 
  Spring 
  Harbor). 
  It 
  

   occurs 
  somewhat 
  locally 
  in 
  patches 
  of 
  muddy 
  sand 
  slightly 
  above, 
  or 
  

   more 
  commonly 
  below, 
  the 
  low- 
  water 
  mark; 
  and 
  small 
  individuals 
  

   have 
  been 
  taken 
  from 
  Vineyard 
  Sound 
  with 
  Ph. 
  verrillii 
  at 
  a 
  probable, 
  

   though 
  unrecorded, 
  depth 
  of 
  several 
  fathoms. 
  The 
  worms 
  burrow 
  

   vertically 
  and 
  obliquely 
  in 
  irregular 
  fashion 
  into 
  the 
  sand, 
  to 
  a 
  depth 
  

   of 
  more 
  than 
  a 
  half 
  meter 
  m 
  summer. 
  

  

  This 
  species, 
  the 
  structure 
  of 
  which 
  has 
  been 
  fully 
  described 
  by 
  

   Andrews 
  (1890) 
  and 
  the 
  development 
  by 
  Gerould 
  (1896), 
  requires 
  no 
  

   description 
  here. 
  I 
  have 
  elsewhere 
  pointed 
  out 
  (1896, 
  p. 
  147) 
  that 
  

   the 
  division 
  of 
  the 
  longitudinal 
  musculature 
  into 
  distinct 
  bands, 
  which 
  

   is 
  a 
  peculiarity 
  that 
  distinguishes 
  this 
  species 
  from 
  other 
  Phascoloso- 
  

   mas, 
  is 
  not 
  an 
  adequate 
  reason 
  for 
  separating 
  it 
  from 
  closely 
  allied 
  

   species 
  of 
  Phascolosoma 
  and 
  placing 
  it 
  in 
  the 
  genus 
  Sipunculus, 
  as 
  

   Pourtales, 
  its 
  earliest 
  describer, 
  Selenka, 
  and 
  others 
  have 
  done. 
  In 
  

   structure 
  and 
  development 
  it 
  much 
  resembles 
  Phascolosoma 
  vulgare 
  

   Blainville, 
  the 
  common 
  littoral 
  species 
  of 
  Europe. 
  Its 
  nearest 
  aUy 
  

   in 
  this 
  coimtry 
  is 
  Ph. 
  margaritaceum 
  (Sars) 
  , 
  an 
  inhabitant 
  of 
  deeper 
  

   waters 
  and 
  extending 
  northward, 
  but 
  also 
  represented 
  off 
  our 
  coast 
  

   in 
  the 
  latitude 
  of 
  southern 
  New 
  Jersey 
  by 
  the 
  variety 
  meridionalis, 
  

   the 
  elongated 
  form 
  of 
  which 
  variety, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  the 
  integument 
  and 
  

   internal 
  structure 
  with 
  the 
  exception 
  of 
  the 
  longitudinal 
  muscles, 
  

   resemble 
  closely 
  the 
  corresponding 
  features 
  in 
  Ph. 
  gouldii. 
  

  

  