﻿382 
  PROCEEDING!^ 
  OF 
  THE 
  NATIOXAL 
  MUSEUM. 
  vol.44. 
  

  

  PHASCOLOSOMA 
  MARGARITACEUM 
  van 
  MERIDIONALIS, 
  new 
  variety. 
  

  

  Station 
  2749, 
  Int. 
  39° 
  42' 
  N.; 
  long. 
  71° 
  17' 
  W.; 
  705 
  fathoms, 
  

   gray 
  ooze; 
  temperature 
  at 
  bottom, 
  38.7° 
  F. 
  One 
  specimen, 
  type. 
  

  

  Fayal 
  Island, 
  Azores, 
  gravelly 
  beacli, 
  lat. 
  38° 
  30' 
  N.; 
  long. 
  28° 
  

   40' 
  W. 
  Six 
  specimens. 
  

  

  Type.— 
  Cat. 
  No. 
  4003, 
  U.S.N.M. 
  

  

  This 
  southern 
  variety 
  of 
  Ph. 
  margaritaceum 
  occurs 
  near 
  the 
  

   fortieth 
  parallel 
  on 
  both 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  North 
  Atlantic, 
  inhabiting 
  the 
  

   edge 
  of 
  the 
  American 
  continental 
  shelf, 
  705 
  fathoms, 
  in 
  a 
  region 
  

   approximately 
  south 
  of 
  Newport 
  and 
  east 
  of 
  Philadelphia; 
  occurring 
  

   also 
  at 
  Fayal 
  Island, 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  Azores, 
  where 
  it 
  burrows 
  in 
  a 
  gravelly 
  

   beach. 
  The 
  specimen 
  from 
  off 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  differs 
  

   little 
  except 
  in 
  size 
  from 
  those 
  from 
  the 
  Azores. 
  

  

  The 
  only 
  marked 
  difference 
  between 
  this 
  variety 
  and 
  the 
  typical 
  

   form 
  in 
  northern 
  waters 
  is 
  the 
  extremely 
  elongated 
  shape, 
  in 
  which 
  

   respect 
  it 
  resembles 
  PTi. 
  gouldii, 
  or 
  the 
  two 
  European 
  species, 
  Ph, 
  

   vulgare 
  and 
  Ph. 
  elongatum, 
  more 
  than 
  the 
  typical 
  form. 
  The 
  intro- 
  

   vert 
  has 
  the 
  same 
  pearly 
  gray 
  color 
  as 
  the 
  trunk 
  and 
  not 
  the 
  brownish 
  

   hue 
  seen 
  on 
  the 
  introvert 
  of 
  the 
  typical 
  form. 
  The 
  skin 
  in 
  a 
  state 
  of 
  

   contraction 
  shows 
  distinct, 
  though 
  minute, 
  papillss. 
  These 
  are 
  

   especially 
  evident 
  near 
  the 
  anterior 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  partially 
  contracted 
  

   introvert. 
  The 
  coils 
  of 
  the 
  intestine 
  are 
  extraordinarily 
  numerous 
  in 
  

   the 
  large 
  specimen 
  from 
  deep 
  water 
  (station 
  2749). 
  The 
  dimensions 
  

   of 
  this 
  specimen 
  are: 
  Length 
  of 
  the 
  trunk 
  behind 
  the 
  anus, 
  85 
  mm.; 
  

   introvert 
  estimated 
  at 
  somewhat 
  over 
  35 
  mm., 
  probably 
  half 
  the 
  

   length 
  of 
  the 
  trunk; 
  thickness 
  of 
  the 
  trunk 
  about 
  8 
  mm. 
  The 
  

   specimens 
  from 
  Fayal 
  are 
  about 
  one-third 
  as 
  large 
  as 
  the 
  specimen 
  

   from 
  station 
  2749. 
  

  

  One 
  individual 
  from 
  Fayal 
  lacks 
  the 
  left-dorsal 
  retractor 
  muscle. 
  

  

  Ph. 
  capsiforme 
  Baird 
  is 
  a 
  small 
  Antarctic 
  species 
  closely 
  allied 
  to 
  

   Ph. 
  margaritaceum 
  (Sars). 
  Geographically 
  the 
  variety 
  just 
  described 
  

   occupies 
  an 
  intermediate 
  region. 
  Inhabiting 
  waters 
  of 
  the 
  Temperate 
  

   Zone, 
  its 
  form 
  resembles 
  that 
  of 
  other 
  Phascolosomas 
  of 
  this 
  zone, 
  

   rather 
  than 
  the 
  oval 
  form 
  characteristic 
  of 
  the 
  Arctic 
  and 
  northern 
  

   type 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  and 
  of 
  Ph. 
  eremita 
  (Sars) 
  . 
  It 
  seems 
  not 
  impossible 
  

   that 
  the 
  variety 
  meridionalis 
  may 
  be 
  a 
  hybrid 
  between 
  the 
  tyf^ical 
  

   Ph. 
  margaritaceum 
  and 
  Ph. 
  vulgare 
  or, 
  possibly 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  the 
  Azores 
  

   stock, 
  Ph. 
  elongatum. 
  

  

  PHASCOLOSOMA 
  CYLINDRATUM 
  Keferstein. 
  

  

  Key 
  West, 
  Florida 
  (Henry 
  Hemphill, 
  1885). 
  Three 
  specimens. 
  

   Recorded 
  previously 
  only 
  from 
  the 
  Bermudas, 
  Keferstein 
  (1865). 
  

   This 
  small, 
  littoral 
  species 
  (pi. 
  58, 
  fig. 
  2) 
  is 
  easily 
  distinguished 
  by 
  its 
  

   smooth, 
  light 
  yellowish-brown 
  surface, 
  the 
  rows 
  of 
  hooks 
  behind 
  its 
  

  

  