﻿404 
  PROCEEDINGS 
  OF 
  THE 
  NATIONAL 
  MUSEUM. 
  

  

  Phascolosomabemhardus 
  PouRTALfes, 
  Proc. 
  Amer. 
  Ass. 
  Adv. 
  Sci., 
  Meeting 
  of 
  1851, 
  

  

  p. 
  41, 
  Washington, 
  1851. 
  

   Sipunculus 
  (Cryptosomum) 
  csementarium 
  Quatrefages, 
  Histoirc 
  Nat. 
  des 
  Ann61es 
  

  

  marine 
  ot 
  de 
  I'cau 
  douce, 
  vol. 
  2, 
  Paris, 
  1865, 
  p. 
  628. 
  

   Phascolosoma 
  hamulatum 
  Packard, 
  Mem. 
  Boston 
  Soc. 
  Nat. 
  Hist., 
  vol. 
  2, 
  1867, 
  

  

  p. 
  290. 
  

   Phascolosoma 
  cxmentarium 
  Verrill, 
  Report 
  Invert. 
  Animals 
  Vineyard 
  Sound, 
  in 
  

  

  First 
  Report 
  of 
  the 
  U. 
  S. 
  Comm. 
  of 
  Fish 
  and 
  Fisheries, 
  Washington, 
  1873, 
  p. 
  

  

  627, 
  pi. 
  18, 
  fig. 
  92; 
  also 
  same 
  in 
  separate 
  reprint, 
  Washington, 
  1874. 
  

   Phascolosoma 
  tubicola 
  Verrill, 
  Amer. 
  Journ. 
  Sci. 
  and 
  Arts, 
  ser. 
  3, 
  vol. 
  5, 
  1873, 
  

  

  p. 
  99; 
  also 
  Proc. 
  Amer. 
  Ass. 
  Adv. 
  Sci., 
  Meeting 
  of 
  1873, 
  pp. 
  388, 
  389, 
  1874. 
  

   Phascolion 
  strombi 
  Theel, 
  Bihang 
  till 
  k. 
  Svenska 
  Vet. 
  Akad. 
  Handl., 
  vol. 
  3, 
  

  

  No. 
  3; 
  also 
  No. 
  6, 
  pp. 
  13, 
  14, 
  Stockholm, 
  1875. 
  

   Phascolion 
  spitzbergense 
  Theel, 
  Bihang 
  till 
  k. 
  Svenska 
  Vet. 
  Akad. 
  Handl., 
  vol. 
  3, 
  

  

  1875, 
  p. 
  16, 
  pi. 
  1, 
  figs. 
  2, 
  3. 
  

   Sipunculus 
  capitatus 
  H. 
  Rathke, 
  Nova 
  Acta 
  Acad. 
  Leop. 
  Car., 
  vol. 
  20, 
  1843, 
  

  

  pp. 
  143-147, 
  pi. 
  6, 
  figs. 
  20-23. 
  

  

  This 
  abundant 
  and 
  widespread 
  species 
  is 
  found 
  in 
  America 
  from 
  

   Labrador 
  southward 
  to 
  the 
  West 
  Indies. 
  It 
  occurs 
  in 
  shallow 
  

   waters 
  of 
  about 
  5 
  fathoms 
  off 
  the 
  Elizabeth 
  Islands, 
  is 
  abundant 
  

   everywhere 
  along 
  the 
  coast 
  at 
  depths 
  varying 
  from 
  20 
  to 
  150 
  fathoms, 
  

   which 
  naturally 
  have 
  been 
  more 
  thoroughly 
  explored 
  than 
  the 
  deeper 
  

   waters, 
  and 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  by 
  no 
  means 
  uncommon 
  along 
  the 
  edge 
  of 
  

   the 
  continental 
  shelf 
  in 
  from 
  150 
  to 
  1,000 
  fathoms. 
  The 
  greatest 
  

   depth 
  of 
  which 
  I 
  have 
  a 
  record 
  is 
  1,061 
  fathoms 
  at 
  station 
  2207, 
  just 
  

   south 
  of 
  the 
  fortieth 
  parallel. 
  

  

  I 
  have 
  seen 
  no 
  specimens 
  from 
  farther 
  south 
  than 
  station 
  2728, 
  in 
  

   859 
  fathoms, 
  north 
  of 
  Cape 
  Hatteras 
  but 
  slightly 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  latitude 
  

   of 
  Norfolk, 
  Virginia. 
  Selenka 
  (1883), 
  however, 
  mentions 
  the 
  occm- 
  

   rence 
  in 
  the 
  West 
  Indies 
  of 
  PTi. 
  tubicola 
  (Verrill) 
  , 
  which 
  I 
  have 
  ascer- 
  

   tained 
  to 
  be 
  a 
  local 
  variety 
  of 
  this 
  species. 
  The 
  specimens 
  which 
  

   Selenka 
  examined 
  differ 
  from 
  the 
  typical 
  form 
  in 
  that 
  the 
  ventral 
  

   retractor 
  has 
  only 
  a 
  single 
  root. 
  I 
  have 
  observed 
  this 
  same 
  charac- 
  

   teristic 
  in. 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  specimens 
  from 
  off 
  the 
  southern 
  coast 
  of 
  the 
  

   United 
  States, 
  though 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  by 
  any 
  means 
  a 
  constant 
  characteristic 
  

   of 
  specimens 
  from 
  that 
  region. 
  (See 
  ''Modifications 
  in 
  the 
  South," 
  

   p. 
  415.) 
  The 
  ventral 
  retractor 
  in 
  Ph. 
  stromhi 
  in 
  general, 
  however, 
  with 
  

   a 
  uniformity 
  that 
  is 
  remarkable 
  for 
  this 
  variable 
  species, 
  has 
  two 
  

   distinct 
  roots, 
  and 
  the 
  same 
  is 
  true 
  of 
  the 
  local 
  variety 
  from 
  off 
  the 
  

   New 
  England 
  coast 
  which 
  Verrill 
  originally 
  described 
  as 
  Phascolosoma 
  

   tubicola. 
  But 
  the 
  subtropical 
  form 
  is 
  CAddently 
  so 
  nearly 
  like 
  its 
  

   more 
  northern 
  relatives 
  that 
  to 
  exclude 
  it 
  from 
  the 
  same 
  widespread 
  

   and 
  variable 
  species 
  on 
  this 
  ground 
  alone 
  would 
  be 
  to 
  lay 
  undue 
  stress. 
  

   on 
  a 
  single 
  characteristic 
  of 
  minor 
  importance. 
  

  

  Phascolion 
  strombi 
  is 
  common 
  in 
  the 
  Arctic 
  Ocean, 
  occurring 
  in 
  

   abundance 
  off 
  the 
  northern 
  coast 
  of 
  Asia, 
  the 
  northern 
  coast 
  of 
  

   Europe, 
  Spitzbergen, 
  Iceland, 
  and 
  both 
  the 
  eastern 
  'and 
  western 
  

   coasts 
  of 
  Greenland 
  (Theel). 
  It 
  extends 
  southward 
  in 
  Europe 
  along 
  

  

  