﻿466 
  PROCEEDINGS 
  OF 
  THE 
  NATIONAL 
  MUSEUM. 
  vol. 
  44. 
  

  

  Snout 
  sharp, 
  mouth 
  horizontal, 
  the 
  tip 
  of 
  the 
  maxillary 
  reaching 
  

   to 
  below 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  ratlier 
  larf!;e 
  eye, 
  which 
  almost 
  equals 
  the 
  

   length 
  of 
  the 
  snout. 
  Interorbital 
  space 
  narrow, 
  gently 
  concave, 
  its 
  

   wddth 
  but 
  little 
  more 
  than 
  half 
  the 
  diameter 
  of 
  the 
  pupil. 
  Teeth 
  

   rather 
  coarse, 
  in 
  broad 
  bands 
  in 
  jaws 
  and 
  on 
  vomer, 
  the 
  palatines 
  

   toothless. 
  Prcopercle 
  with 
  four 
  small 
  spines, 
  the 
  upper 
  directed 
  

   obhquely 
  upward 
  and 
  backward, 
  the 
  second 
  horizontally 
  back- 
  

   ward, 
  the 
  third 
  and 
  fourth 
  forward 
  and 
  downward. 
  Occiput 
  flat, 
  

   or 
  very 
  gently 
  concave, 
  a 
  pair 
  of 
  low 
  diverging 
  ridges 
  at 
  its 
  posterior 
  

   margin, 
  and 
  a 
  pair 
  of 
  small 
  tubercles 
  (very 
  short 
  converging 
  ridges) 
  

   immediately 
  behind 
  orbits. 
  Gill 
  membranes 
  widely 
  joined, 
  free 
  from 
  

   the 
  isthmus, 
  their 
  posterior 
  margins 
  deeply 
  incurved. 
  

  

  Fins 
  all 
  injured. 
  Last 
  dorsal 
  spine 
  joined 
  by 
  membrane 
  to 
  base 
  

   of 
  first 
  ray 
  of 
  second 
  dorsal. 
  Both 
  ventrals 
  and 
  pectorals 
  extend 
  

   beyond 
  origin 
  of 
  anal 
  fin. 
  Vent 
  midway 
  between 
  base 
  of 
  ventrals 
  

   and 
  front 
  of 
  anal 
  fin. 
  Anal 
  papilla 
  reaching 
  base 
  of 
  first 
  anal 
  ray. 
  

  

  Shagreen 
  very 
  fine, 
  covering 
  entire 
  back 
  and 
  sides 
  of 
  head 
  with 
  

   exception 
  of 
  the 
  mouth 
  parts. 
  The 
  small 
  spinous 
  scutes 
  of 
  the 
  

   dorsal 
  series 
  diminish 
  in 
  size 
  posteriorly 
  and 
  disappear 
  at 
  some 
  point 
  

   under 
  the 
  last 
  liaK 
  of 
  the 
  dorsal 
  fin. 
  

  

  Lateral 
  line 
  with 
  a 
  strong 
  downward 
  curve 
  near 
  its 
  origin, 
  rising 
  

   again 
  opposite 
  the 
  vent, 
  parallel 
  thence 
  with 
  the 
  curve 
  of 
  the 
  back. 
  

   The 
  scutes 
  are 
  very 
  finely 
  and 
  evenly 
  spinous 
  on 
  the 
  free 
  margins, 
  

   without 
  longer 
  spines 
  at 
  the 
  posterior 
  angle. 
  The 
  lateral 
  folds 
  are 
  

   very 
  numerous, 
  the 
  primary 
  folds 
  descending 
  from 
  the 
  posterior 
  

   margins 
  of 
  the 
  plates 
  of 
  the 
  lateral 
  line, 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  secondary 
  folds 
  

   intercalated 
  between 
  them, 
  usually 
  only 
  one 
  or 
  two 
  of 
  each 
  set 
  of 
  

   secondary 
  folds 
  extending 
  to 
  the 
  lower 
  margm 
  of 
  the 
  spinous 
  area. 
  

   These 
  spinous 
  plates 
  cover 
  also 
  the 
  anterior 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  trunk 
  beliuid 
  

   the 
  axils, 
  and 
  a 
  few 
  from 
  opposite 
  Sides 
  commonly 
  meet 
  on 
  median 
  

   line 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  origin 
  of 
  anal 
  fin. 
  In 
  the 
  type, 
  45 
  folds 
  reach 
  to 
  just 
  

   above 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  anal 
  fin. 
  Breast 
  with 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  cross 
  folds, 
  

   varying 
  in 
  number, 
  but 
  usually 
  5 
  or 
  6. 
  The 
  folds 
  do 
  not 
  approach 
  

   the 
  median 
  line 
  between 
  the 
  ventrals 
  and 
  the 
  vent. 
  

  

  The 
  back 
  is 
  marked 
  with 
  four 
  dark 
  crossbars 
  which 
  reach 
  the 
  

   lateral 
  line, 
  one 
  under 
  spinous 
  dorsal, 
  two 
  under 
  soft 
  dorsal, 
  and 
  one 
  

   on 
  caudal 
  peduncle. 
  Below 
  the 
  lateral 
  line 
  is 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  short 
  blackish 
  

   quadrate 
  spots 
  or 
  blotches, 
  separated 
  by 
  silvery 
  interspaces 
  (or 
  it 
  

   may 
  be 
  interpreted 
  as 
  a 
  lengthwise 
  silvery 
  streak 
  interrupted 
  ' 
  by 
  

   dark 
  blotches). 
  The 
  breast 
  and 
  belly, 
  the 
  postaxial 
  region, 
  and 
  the 
  

   area 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  all 
  but 
  upper 
  pectoral 
  rays 
  bright 
  silvery. 
  In 
  males, 
  

   a 
  roundish 
  black 
  spot 
  on 
  distal 
  half 
  of 
  posterior 
  dorsal 
  spines, 
  broadly 
  

   margined 
  with 
  silvery 
  white, 
  except 
  at 
  the 
  free 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  fin. 
  A 
  

   similar 
  but 
  much 
  smaller 
  spot 
  on 
  anterior 
  dorsal 
  spines. 
  There 
  is 
  

   no 
  trace 
  of 
  these 
  spots 
  in 
  females, 
  and 
  they 
  are 
  not 
  present 
  in 
  very 
  

  

  