﻿258 
  ANNUAL 
  EEPORT 
  SMITHSONIAN 
  INSTITUTION, 
  1929 
  

  

  Benzyl 
  acetate 
  has 
  already 
  been 
  mentioned 
  as 
  the 
  main 
  consti- 
  

   tuent 
  of 
  the 
  natural 
  otto 
  of 
  jasmine. 
  This 
  is 
  merely 
  one 
  of 
  an 
  enorm- 
  

   ous 
  number 
  of 
  S3mtheticany 
  prepared 
  esters 
  which 
  are 
  valuable 
  in 
  

   perfumery, 
  compounds 
  belonging 
  to 
  this 
  type 
  often 
  having 
  agreeable 
  

   odors. 
  Certain 
  of 
  the 
  esters 
  of 
  salicjdic 
  acid 
  and 
  cinnamic 
  acid 
  are 
  

   particularly 
  useful. 
  Methyl 
  salicylate 
  is 
  well 
  known 
  under 
  the 
  name 
  

   of 
  "oil 
  of 
  wintergreen." 
  Amyl 
  sahcylate 
  has 
  a 
  very 
  pleasant 
  odor, 
  

   resembling 
  that 
  of 
  certain 
  species 
  of 
  orchids. 
  It 
  is 
  extensively 
  em- 
  

   ployed 
  in 
  making 
  artificial 
  orchid 
  and 
  clover 
  perfumes. 
  Some 
  of 
  the 
  

   esters 
  of 
  cinnamic 
  acid 
  are 
  well 
  adapted 
  for 
  perfuming 
  face 
  powders. 
  

  

  The 
  flavor 
  of 
  vanilla 
  is 
  one 
  universally 
  liked. 
  The 
  odor 
  of 
  the 
  

   natural 
  product, 
  the 
  dried 
  and 
  cured 
  fruits 
  of 
  Vanilla 
  pUnifolia 
  and 
  

   allied 
  species 
  of 
  orchids, 
  is 
  almost 
  entirely 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  aldehyde, 
  vanil- 
  

   lin, 
  the 
  synthetic 
  production 
  of 
  which 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  greit 
  triumphs 
  

   of 
  synthetic 
  perfume 
  chemistry. 
  Nowadays, 
  the 
  use 
  <>f 
  synthetic 
  

   vanillin 
  has 
  largely 
  replaced 
  that 
  of 
  natural 
  vanilla 
  bothjas 
  a 
  flavor- 
  

   ing 
  agent 
  and, 
  especially, 
  in 
  perfumery. 
  The 
  substance 
  \s 
  made 
  by 
  

   several 
  processes, 
  in 
  England 
  from 
  oil 
  of 
  cloves, 
  on 
  the 
  Continent 
  

   from 
  guaiacol. 
  Added 
  to 
  a 
  perfume, 
  vanillin 
  gives 
  a 
  quahty 
  of 
  

   sweetness 
  and 
  softness. 
  Moreover, 
  it 
  possesses 
  good 
  fixatre 
  powers, 
  

   serving 
  to 
  retard 
  the 
  evaporation 
  of 
  more 
  volatile 
  ingredieits. 
  

  

  The 
  synthesis 
  from 
  clove 
  oil 
  is 
  of 
  particular 
  interest. 
  Th^ 
  essential 
  

   oil 
  of 
  cloves 
  consists 
  very 
  largely 
  of 
  eugenol, 
  which 
  substance, 
  as 
  

   already 
  mentioned, 
  can 
  be 
  easily 
  isolated 
  from 
  it. 
  On 
  treatment 
  

   with 
  caustic 
  potash, 
  eugenol 
  undergoes 
  an 
  isomeric 
  change, 
  delding 
  

   iso-eugenol, 
  itself 
  a 
  valuable 
  perfume 
  material, 
  which 
  foms 
  the 
  

   basis 
  of 
  most 
  artificial 
  carnation 
  scents. 
  On 
  careful 
  oxdation, 
  

   iso-eugenol 
  passes 
  into 
  vanillin. 
  

  

  Safrol, 
  obtained 
  as 
  a 
  by-product 
  in 
  the 
  separation 
  of 
  c£tnphor 
  

   from 
  camphor 
  oil, 
  undergoes 
  similar 
  reactions, 
  being 
  convered 
  by 
  

   treatment 
  with 
  caustic 
  potash 
  into 
  the 
  isomeric 
  iso-safrol, 
  vhich, 
  

   when 
  cautiously 
  oxidized, 
  yields 
  the 
  aldehyde, 
  piperonal. 
  Ths 
  sub- 
  

   stance, 
  better 
  known 
  as 
  "heliotropine," 
  exhales 
  a 
  delicious 
  olor 
  of 
  

   heliotrope, 
  in 
  the 
  flowers 
  of 
  which 
  plant 
  it 
  probably 
  occurs 
  atom- 
  

   panied 
  by 
  vanilhn 
  and 
  other 
  substances 
  of 
  an 
  odorous 
  chariCter. 
  

   It 
  is 
  much 
  employed 
  in 
  perfumery, 
  being 
  especially 
  useful 
  on 
  acccant 
  

   of 
  its 
  low 
  price. 
  

  

  Another 
  very 
  inexpensive 
  and 
  agreeable 
  artificial 
  perfume 
  mateial 
  

   is 
  terpineol, 
  which 
  is 
  manufactured 
  from 
  turpentine. 
  This 
  terpne 
  

   alcohol 
  has 
  an 
  odor 
  resembling 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  lilac, 
  and, 
  being 
  very 
  reis- 
  

   tant 
  to 
  the 
  action 
  of 
  alkalies, 
  is 
  particularly 
  adapted 
  for 
  scenting 
  soas 
  

   and 
  hair 
  washes, 
  for 
  which 
  purpose 
  it 
  is 
  extensively 
  employed. 
  

  

  A 
  newer 
  synthetic 
  product, 
  which 
  enables 
  a 
  more 
  exact 
  imitation 
  if 
  

   the 
  rather 
  sharp 
  odor 
  of 
  lilac 
  blossoms 
  to 
  be 
  obtained, 
  is 
  phenyl-pr- 
  

   pionic 
  aldehyde. 
  

  

  