﻿EXTINCTION 
  AND 
  EXTEEMINATION 
  TOLMACHOFP 
  279 
  

  

  honey 
  harvest 
  season 
  is 
  nearly 
  at 
  is 
  end, 
  and 
  are 
  then 
  mercilessly 
  

   killed 
  and 
  cast 
  out 
  by 
  the 
  workers. 
  This 
  hecatomb 
  after 
  the 
  act 
  of 
  

   reproduction 
  and 
  the 
  later 
  care 
  of 
  the 
  eggs 
  and 
  young 
  by 
  the 
  asexual 
  

   bees 
  involves 
  complete 
  neglect 
  of 
  individual 
  interests, 
  the 
  sexual 
  

   instinct 
  becoming 
  a 
  communal 
  affair. 
  

  

  Among 
  spiders 
  the 
  female 
  may 
  attack 
  and 
  devour 
  the 
  male 
  after 
  

   mating. 
  The 
  male, 
  knowing 
  well 
  his 
  possible 
  fate, 
  is 
  not 
  deterred 
  

   from 
  mating 
  by 
  the 
  instinct 
  of 
  self-preservation. 
  During 
  mating 
  the 
  

   female 
  mantis 
  often 
  gnaws 
  the 
  head 
  of 
  the 
  male, 
  who 
  neither 
  offers 
  real 
  

   resistance 
  nor 
  tries 
  to 
  escape. 
  Among 
  copepoda 
  some 
  males 
  are 
  so 
  

   different 
  from 
  the 
  females 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  difficult 
  to 
  identify 
  them 
  as 
  mem- 
  

   bers 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  species. 
  They 
  are 
  much 
  smaller 
  and, 
  roughly 
  speak- 
  

   ing, 
  consist 
  of 
  a 
  sack 
  filled 
  with 
  sperms, 
  living 
  as 
  a 
  parasite 
  attached 
  

   to 
  the 
  reproductive 
  organs 
  of 
  the 
  female. 
  Here 
  the 
  individuality 
  of 
  

   the 
  male 
  is 
  completely 
  sacrified 
  to 
  sexual 
  interests 
  and 
  reproduction. 
  

  

  Among 
  the 
  higher 
  animals, 
  human 
  beings 
  not 
  excepted, 
  the 
  sexual 
  

   instinct 
  is 
  very 
  strong, 
  although 
  its 
  effects 
  are 
  not 
  always 
  recognized 
  

   or 
  understood. 
  The 
  sexual 
  instinct 
  is 
  a 
  powerful 
  motive 
  of 
  many 
  

   human 
  actions. 
  Three-fourths 
  or 
  more 
  of 
  the 
  crimes 
  committed 
  and 
  

   a 
  large 
  percentage 
  of 
  the 
  suicides 
  are 
  directly 
  or 
  indirectly 
  chargeable 
  

   to 
  it. 
  The 
  life 
  of 
  an 
  individual 
  is 
  often 
  sacrificed 
  to 
  what 
  is 
  termed 
  sex 
  

   appeal. 
  History 
  has 
  preserved 
  many 
  stories 
  of 
  beautiful 
  queens 
  who 
  

   had 
  their 
  temporary 
  lovers 
  put 
  to 
  death. 
  Some 
  of 
  these 
  men 
  realized 
  

   that 
  they 
  would 
  pay 
  with 
  their 
  lives 
  for 
  a 
  short 
  felicity; 
  but, 
  led 
  by 
  the 
  

   sex 
  appeal, 
  they 
  were 
  willing 
  to 
  ignore 
  the 
  instinct 
  of 
  self-preserva- 
  

   tion. 
  When 
  a 
  present-day 
  suitor 
  expresses 
  his 
  willingness 
  to 
  pay 
  for 
  

   sexual 
  favors 
  with 
  his 
  life, 
  he 
  unconsciously 
  reverts 
  to 
  conditions 
  in 
  

   former 
  days, 
  when 
  such 
  an 
  affair 
  was 
  serious 
  and 
  might 
  have 
  grave 
  

   consequences. 
  

  

  These 
  few 
  examples, 
  which 
  could 
  be 
  multiplied 
  indefinitely, 
  show 
  

   that 
  not 
  everything 
  which 
  is 
  beneficial 
  or 
  pernicious 
  for 
  the 
  individual 
  

   is 
  such 
  for 
  the 
  preservation«of 
  the 
  race, 
  and 
  vice 
  versa. 
  The 
  impor- 
  

   tance 
  of 
  this 
  fact 
  has 
  never 
  been 
  sufficiently 
  appreciated. 
  Most 
  

   paleontologists 
  and 
  biologists 
  who 
  have 
  attempted 
  to 
  explain 
  the 
  

   extinction 
  of 
  a 
  race 
  have 
  sought 
  causes 
  that 
  affect 
  the 
  individual 
  and 
  

   have 
  cited 
  these 
  causes 
  in 
  explaining 
  the 
  extinction 
  of 
  a 
  species. 
  It 
  is 
  

   not 
  surprising 
  that 
  such 
  explanations 
  could 
  not 
  withstand 
  criticism 
  

   and 
  were 
  usually 
  complete 
  failures. 
  

  

  INDIVIDUAL 
  AND 
  RACIAL 
  LIFE 
  

  

  METABOLISM 
  CONTROLLING 
  THE 
  EXISTENCE 
  OF 
  THE 
  ORGANISM 
  

  

  The 
  existence 
  of 
  an 
  individual 
  is 
  dependent 
  on 
  its 
  ability 
  to 
  find 
  food 
  

   and 
  transform 
  it 
  into 
  body 
  tissues 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  very 
  complicated 
  

   processes 
  known 
  as 
  metabolism. 
  If 
  the 
  metabolism 
  of 
  an 
  animal 
  is 
  

  

  