﻿THE 
  GULF 
  STREAM 
  MAEMER 
  

  

  287 
  

  

  Franklin 
  goes 
  on 
  to 
  relate 
  that 
  he 
  had 
  the 
  information 
  engraved 
  

   "on 
  the 
  old 
  chart 
  of 
  the 
  Atlantic, 
  at 
  Mount 
  and 
  Page's, 
  Tower-hill; 
  

   and 
  copies 
  were 
  sent 
  down 
  to 
  Falmouth 
  for 
  the 
  captains 
  of 
  the 
  packets 
  

   who 
  slighted 
  it 
  however; 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  since 
  printed 
  in 
  France, 
  of 
  which 
  

   edition 
  I 
  hereto 
  annex 
  a 
  copy." 
  (Fig. 
  1.) 
  

  

  As 
  evidenced 
  by 
  Fraaklin's 
  letter 
  in 
  the 
  Transactions 
  of 
  the 
  Ameri- 
  

   can 
  Philosophical 
  Society, 
  the 
  Gulf 
  Stream 
  towards 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  

   eighteenth 
  century 
  became 
  a 
  subject 
  of 
  scientific 
  investigation 
  and 
  

   discussion. 
  Franklin 
  himself 
  made 
  observations 
  on 
  the 
  temperature 
  

   of 
  the 
  sea 
  water 
  during 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  voyages 
  and 
  noted 
  wth 
  regard 
  to 
  

   the 
  Gulf 
  Stream 
  "that 
  it 
  is 
  always 
  warmer 
  than 
  the 
  sea 
  on 
  each 
  side 
  

   of 
  it." 
  By 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  nineteenth 
  century, 
  when 
  systematic 
  

  

  Figure 
  1.— 
  Franklin's 
  chart 
  of 
  the 
  Gulf 
  Stream 
  

  

  observations 
  were 
  begun, 
  a 
  fund 
  of 
  information 
  had 
  been 
  gathered 
  

   from 
  navigators' 
  logs 
  and 
  from 
  the 
  observations 
  of 
  scientifically 
  

   minded 
  travelers. 
  

  

  SYSTEMATIC 
  OBSERVATIONS 
  

  

  Systematic 
  observations 
  in 
  the 
  Gulf 
  Stream 
  were 
  begun 
  in 
  1845 
  by 
  

   the 
  Coast 
  Survey 
  under 
  the 
  superintendency 
  of 
  Alexander 
  Dallas 
  

   Bache, 
  a 
  great 
  grandson 
  of 
  Franklin. 
  At 
  different 
  times 
  up 
  to 
  the 
  

   year 
  1889 
  specially 
  equipped 
  vessels 
  were 
  detailed 
  for 
  the 
  work, 
  the 
  

   results 
  being 
  published 
  as 
  appendixes 
  to 
  the 
  annual 
  reports 
  of 
  the 
  

   Superintendent 
  of 
  the 
  Coast 
  and 
  Geodetic 
  Survey, 
  the 
  last 
  one 
  being 
  

  

  