﻿CLIMATE 
  AND 
  MIGRATION 
  CURRY 
  429 
  

  

  The 
  next 
  great 
  movement 
  was 
  one 
  of 
  agricultural 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  of 
  

   nomadic 
  peoples. 
  Between 
  1600 
  and 
  1300 
  B. 
  C. 
  the 
  Aramaean 
  nomads 
  

   from 
  Arabia 
  entered 
  Mesopotamia, 
  the 
  Indo-European 
  agriculturalists 
  

   entered 
  India 
  and 
  Persia, 
  Indo-Europeans 
  for 
  the 
  first 
  time 
  came 
  into 
  

   contact 
  with 
  Syria 
  (vvdtness 
  the 
  Tel-el- 
  Amama 
  correspondence), 
  the 
  

   Hittites 
  entered 
  Asia 
  Minor, 
  the 
  Achaeans 
  settled 
  in 
  Greece. 
  During 
  

   this 
  period 
  and 
  actually 
  between 
  1400 
  and 
  1350 
  B. 
  C, 
  Minoan 
  civih- 
  

   zation 
  suffered 
  a 
  devastating 
  blow. 
  It 
  may 
  be 
  suggested 
  that 
  the 
  Iron 
  

   Age 
  began 
  in 
  the 
  Mediterranean 
  somewhere 
  about 
  the 
  fifteenth 
  and 
  

   fourteenth 
  centuries 
  B. 
  C. 
  It 
  was 
  probably 
  introduced 
  as 
  a 
  result 
  of 
  

   migrations 
  from 
  Europe 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  mountain 
  zone. 
  

  

  A 
  third 
  important 
  period 
  of 
  migration 
  is 
  dated 
  between 
  1000 
  and 
  

   600 
  B. 
  C. 
  During 
  these 
  centuries 
  the 
  Celtic 
  movements 
  are 
  traceable 
  

   along 
  the 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  mountain 
  ranges 
  from 
  the 
  Italian 
  Alps 
  to 
  the 
  

   shores 
  of 
  the 
  Caspian. 
  The 
  Cimmerian 
  section 
  disturbed 
  by 
  pressure 
  

   from 
  the 
  Scythians 
  crossed 
  into 
  Asia 
  Minor 
  by 
  Darbend. 
  They 
  or 
  

   other 
  migratory 
  tribes 
  were 
  responsible 
  for 
  the 
  disappearance 
  of 
  the 
  

   Hittite 
  State 
  which 
  had 
  been 
  a 
  leading 
  power 
  for 
  several 
  centuries. 
  

   The 
  Dorians 
  pressed 
  into 
  Greece 
  and 
  caused 
  nearly 
  three 
  centuries 
  of 
  

   chaos 
  there. 
  The 
  Medes 
  overran 
  Persia. 
  

  

  Shortly 
  after 
  200 
  B. 
  C. 
  a 
  fourth 
  period 
  of 
  disturbance 
  and 
  migration 
  

   began, 
  when 
  a 
  tribe 
  of 
  nomads 
  (probably 
  Turki 
  by 
  race), 
  known 
  to 
  the 
  

   Chinese 
  as 
  the 
  Hiung-nii, 
  defeated 
  the 
  Yueh-chi, 
  who 
  occupied 
  the 
  

   Province 
  of 
  Kau-suh. 
  The 
  Yueh-chi 
  in 
  turn 
  attacked 
  and 
  dispossessed 
  

   the 
  Saka, 
  or 
  Scythians, 
  who 
  then 
  occupied 
  the 
  steppes 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  

   Jaxartes. 
  The 
  Yueh-chi 
  began 
  to 
  settle 
  in 
  Bactria 
  about 
  70 
  B. 
  C, 
  and 
  

   the 
  Saka 
  passed 
  on 
  into 
  India 
  and 
  settled 
  in 
  the 
  Punjab, 
  Kathiawar, 
  

   and 
  Gujerat. 
  At 
  the 
  same 
  time 
  Persia 
  was 
  overrun 
  by 
  nomadic 
  

   Turanians. 
  Toward 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  century 
  B. 
  C, 
  Germanic 
  

   hordes 
  threatened 
  Gaul 
  and 
  Italy. 
  Their 
  advance 
  was 
  only 
  stemmed, 
  

   after 
  special 
  exertions, 
  by 
  the 
  organized 
  might 
  of 
  the 
  Roman 
  arms. 
  

  

  A 
  fifth 
  period, 
  involving 
  a 
  most 
  serious 
  check 
  to 
  the 
  growth 
  of 
  civili- 
  

   zation 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  mountain 
  zone, 
  falls 
  between 
  250 
  and 
  650 
  A. 
  D. 
  

   About 
  250 
  A. 
  D. 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  catastrophes 
  occurred 
  in 
  India, 
  Greece, 
  and 
  

   Italy. 
  The 
  Kushan 
  kingdoms 
  in 
  northern 
  India 
  and 
  the 
  Andhra 
  

   dynasty 
  in 
  the 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  peninsula 
  were 
  extinguished 
  as 
  the 
  result 
  

   of 
  barbarian 
  migrations. 
  Simukaneously, 
  the 
  Goths 
  pressed 
  into 
  

   Greece 
  and 
  took 
  Athens 
  by 
  storm. 
  Their 
  inroads 
  continued 
  in 
  spite 
  

   of 
  a 
  crushing 
  defeat 
  in 
  269 
  A. 
  D. 
  

  

  All 
  along 
  its 
  frontiers 
  the 
  Roman 
  Empire 
  was 
  hard-pressed 
  during 
  

   the 
  latter 
  half 
  of 
  the 
  third 
  century. 
  Franks 
  and 
  Alemanni 
  roamed 
  

   through 
  Gaul, 
  Saxons 
  plundered 
  the 
  coasts. 
  A 
  hundred 
  years 
  later 
  

   a 
  stream 
  of 
  Huns, 
  separating 
  from 
  that 
  which 
  filled 
  the 
  valley 
  of 
  the 
  

   Oxus 
  and 
  later 
  overflowed 
  into 
  Persia 
  and 
  India, 
  poured 
  into 
  eastern 
  

   Europe 
  (about 
  375 
  A. 
  D.) 
  driving 
  the 
  Goths 
  to 
  the 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  Danube 
  

  

  