﻿CLIMATE 
  AND 
  MIGRATION 
  CURRY 
  435 
  

  

  the 
  direction 
  taken 
  by 
  depressions 
  as 
  they 
  move 
  eastwards 
  across 
  

   Europe 
  and 
  Asia. 
  According 
  to 
  Brooks 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  that 
  the 
  

   area 
  in 
  which 
  annual 
  rainfall 
  variations 
  have 
  a 
  positive 
  correlation 
  

   extends 
  only 
  a 
  short 
  distance 
  north 
  and 
  south, 
  but 
  for 
  many 
  hundreds 
  

   of 
  miles 
  across 
  Europe 
  into 
  Asia. 
  This 
  is 
  the 
  area 
  whose 
  rainfall 
  

   influences 
  the 
  migrations 
  from 
  the 
  Steppes. 
  Ellsworth 
  Huntington 
  

   has 
  partially 
  established 
  correlation 
  with 
  other 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  world, 
  

   but 
  the 
  evidence 
  in 
  that 
  respect 
  is 
  not 
  yet 
  complete. 
  In 
  view 
  of 
  

   recent 
  work 
  proving, 
  among 
  other 
  things, 
  relations 
  between 
  varia- 
  

   tions 
  in 
  the 
  Indian 
  monsoon 
  and 
  rainfall 
  in 
  Africa 
  and 
  South 
  America, 
  

   it 
  seems 
  probable 
  that 
  factors 
  sufficient^ 
  powerful 
  to 
  cause 
  the 
  great 
  

   droughts 
  on 
  the 
  Steppes 
  could 
  not 
  but 
  be 
  world-wide 
  in 
  their 
  effects. 
  

   Huntington 
  has 
  suggested 
  a 
  gradual 
  northward 
  movement 
  of 
  the 
  

   storm 
  belt 
  corresponding 
  with, 
  and 
  connected 
  with, 
  the 
  movement 
  

   of 
  civilization 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  direction. 
  

  

  H. 
  W. 
  Pearson, 
  in 
  the 
  Geological 
  Magazine, 
  1901, 
  suggested 
  that 
  

   the 
  evidence 
  of 
  the 
  raised 
  beaches 
  proved 
  the 
  existence 
  of 
  a 
  regular 
  

   cycle 
  of 
  oscillations 
  of 
  sea 
  level. 
  He 
  considered 
  that 
  this 
  cycle 
  had 
  

   had 
  a 
  period 
  of 
  640 
  years 
  in 
  recent 
  times, 
  and 
  one 
  of 
  500 
  .years 
  about 
  

   the 
  time 
  of 
  the 
  Christian 
  era. 
  He 
  appears 
  to 
  have 
  connected 
  these 
  

   oscillations 
  — 
  perhaps 
  as 
  a 
  guess, 
  for 
  he 
  gives 
  no 
  reasons 
  — 
  with 
  the 
  

   swing 
  of 
  the 
  magnetic 
  needle. 
  If 
  his 
  theory 
  is 
  correct 
  it 
  would 
  

   appear 
  to 
  involve 
  the 
  synchronization 
  of 
  increasing 
  glaciation 
  at 
  the 
  

   poles 
  with 
  scanty 
  rainfall 
  on 
  the 
  steppes, 
  and 
  vice 
  versa. 
  The 
  evi- 
  

   dence 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  fully 
  examined. 
  The 
  position 
  is 
  thus 
  obscure; 
  but 
  

   the 
  time 
  seems 
  ripe 
  for 
  fresh 
  discoveries. 
  

  

  When 
  so 
  many 
  guesses 
  have 
  been 
  made 
  perhaps 
  one 
  more 
  may 
  

   be 
  permitted. 
  It 
  is 
  generally 
  felt 
  that 
  there 
  is 
  something 
  lacking 
  in 
  

   the 
  Darwinian 
  view 
  of 
  the 
  origin 
  (and 
  extinction) 
  of 
  species, 
  and 
  

   that 
  some 
  simple 
  explanation 
  may 
  have 
  been 
  overlooked. 
  Is 
  this 
  not 
  

   because 
  the 
  problem 
  is 
  considered 
  as 
  if 
  environment 
  were 
  not 
  con- 
  

   stantly 
  changing 
  all 
  over 
  the 
  world? 
  The 
  evidence 
  now 
  under 
  con- 
  

   sideration 
  shows 
  that 
  from 
  time 
  to 
  time 
  forest 
  areas 
  become 
  steppe, 
  

   and 
  steppe 
  areas 
  desert, 
  and 
  vice 
  versa. 
  Where 
  an 
  area 
  of 
  one 
  kind 
  

   is, 
  as 
  it 
  were, 
  an 
  "island" 
  surrounded 
  by 
  areas 
  of 
  other 
  kinds, 
  slight 
  

   changes 
  of 
  climate 
  may 
  lead 
  to 
  the 
  extinction 
  within 
  that 
  area 
  of 
  a 
  

   species, 
  and 
  consequently, 
  where 
  the 
  change 
  of 
  climate 
  persists, 
  to 
  the 
  

   permanent 
  modification 
  of 
  another 
  species 
  which 
  had 
  partially 
  

   depended 
  on 
  it 
  for 
  subsistence. 
  

  

  Change 
  and 
  response 
  to 
  change 
  provide 
  the 
  setting 
  of 
  the 
  greatest 
  

   of 
  all 
  dramas, 
  the 
  drama 
  of 
  man's 
  ascent 
  toward 
  the 
  crisis 
  where, 
  in 
  

   virtue 
  of 
  his 
  intellect, 
  he 
  seeks 
  to 
  master 
  those 
  natural 
  forces 
  to 
  which 
  

   he 
  once 
  attributed 
  divinity. 
  

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