﻿UR 
  OF 
  THE 
  CHALDEES 
  WOOLLEY 
  439 
  

  

  wife 
  of 
  the 
  good 
  land" 
  — 
  it 
  must 
  be 
  supposed 
  that 
  "kalam-dug" 
  is 
  

   part 
  either 
  of 
  a 
  title 
  or 
  of 
  a 
  family 
  name. 
  Immediately 
  below 
  this 
  

   came 
  a 
  coffin 
  burial 
  with 
  stone 
  and 
  copper 
  vessels 
  and 
  a 
  mass 
  of 
  clay 
  

   vessels 
  extending 
  over 
  the 
  whole 
  brick 
  building 
  which 
  was 
  now 
  found 
  

   to 
  occupy 
  the 
  pit 
  ; 
  then 
  more 
  layers 
  of 
  votive 
  pots 
  and 
  more 
  subsidiary 
  

   burials, 
  all 
  separated 
  by 
  floors 
  of 
  beaten 
  clay 
  or 
  by 
  strata 
  of 
  clean 
  

   earth. 
  There 
  followed 
  a 
  long 
  blank 
  which 
  made 
  us 
  fear 
  that 
  we 
  

   might 
  have 
  lost 
  the 
  clue, 
  but 
  the 
  shaft 
  continued 
  ; 
  in 
  opposite 
  corners 
  

   of 
  it 
  there 
  appeared 
  heaps 
  of 
  wood 
  ash 
  and, 
  lower 
  down, 
  clay 
  cooking 
  

   pots 
  and 
  animal 
  bones, 
  the 
  relics 
  of 
  a 
  funeral 
  feast 
  or 
  sacrifice 
  made 
  

   in 
  the 
  pit 
  itself. 
  The 
  reason 
  for 
  the 
  fires 
  being 
  precisely 
  at 
  the 
  level 
  

   at 
  which 
  they 
  were 
  found 
  soon 
  became 
  obvious, 
  for 
  half 
  way 
  between 
  

   them 
  were 
  found 
  lumps 
  of 
  limestone 
  set 
  in 
  clay 
  mortar 
  which 
  spread 
  

   outwards 
  and 
  downwards 
  until 
  from 
  a 
  border 
  of 
  carefully 
  smoothed 
  

   clay 
  there 
  rose 
  intact 
  the 
  stone 
  roof 
  of 
  a 
  domed 
  subterranean 
  chamber, 
  

   corbel-built 
  of 
  limestone 
  rubble 
  set 
  in 
  clay 
  mortar; 
  a 
  httle 
  above 
  

   the 
  springers, 
  holes 
  through 
  the 
  masonry 
  containing 
  remains 
  of 
  wood 
  

   showed 
  that 
  a 
  solid 
  centering 
  had 
  been 
  employed 
  for 
  the 
  construction 
  

   of 
  the 
  central 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  dome, 
  the 
  stones 
  being 
  laid 
  in 
  position 
  over 
  a 
  

   heap 
  of 
  light 
  earth 
  and 
  straw 
  carried 
  by 
  beams 
  and 
  matting. 
  On 
  

   the 
  flat 
  space 
  round 
  the 
  dome 
  funeral 
  fires 
  had 
  been 
  lit 
  and 
  had 
  

   burnt 
  for 
  some 
  time 
  before 
  the 
  shaft 
  was 
  filled 
  in 
  for 
  the 
  construc- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  the 
  subterranean 
  building 
  higher 
  up. 
  With 
  the 
  ashes 
  of 
  the 
  

   fire 
  were 
  mixed 
  animal 
  bones. 
  

  

  The 
  domed 
  building 
  had 
  been 
  constructed 
  at 
  one 
  end 
  of 
  a 
  pit 
  dug 
  

   at 
  the 
  bottom 
  of 
  the 
  main 
  shaft, 
  three 
  of 
  its 
  walls 
  being 
  against 
  the 
  

   pit's 
  sides 
  and 
  one, 
  in 
  which 
  was 
  the 
  door, 
  open 
  to 
  the 
  court 
  reserved 
  

   in 
  the 
  prolongation 
  of 
  the 
  shaft; 
  this 
  door 
  had 
  been 
  blocked 
  with 
  

   large 
  stones. 
  Apart 
  from 
  a 
  certain 
  amount 
  of 
  natural 
  subsidence, 
  

   walls, 
  dome, 
  and 
  door 
  were 
  intact, 
  though 
  the 
  latter 
  was 
  very 
  difficult 
  

   to 
  detect, 
  so 
  closely 
  did 
  its 
  blocking 
  resemble 
  the 
  rough 
  wall 
  face, 
  

   while 
  the 
  shifting 
  of 
  stones 
  had 
  disguised 
  the 
  outlines 
  of 
  the 
  doorway. 
  

   Through 
  the 
  beam 
  holes 
  it 
  was 
  possible 
  to 
  see 
  that 
  the 
  floor 
  was 
  

   covered 
  with 
  some 
  object 
  of 
  paneled 
  wood, 
  through 
  the 
  decayed 
  

   remains 
  of 
  which 
  protruded 
  several 
  large 
  copper 
  vessels 
  and 
  one 
  of 
  

   gold. 
  

  

  Considering 
  how 
  elaborate 
  the 
  tomb 
  structure 
  was, 
  the 
  contents 
  

   were 
  simple. 
  Below 
  the 
  woodwork, 
  which 
  seems 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  a 
  canopy 
  , 
  

   there 
  lay 
  six 
  bodies 
  of 
  which 
  four 
  were 
  servants 
  or 
  soldiers, 
  men 
  

   distinguished 
  only 
  by 
  the 
  wearing 
  of 
  copper 
  daggers, 
  and 
  one 
  appar- 
  

   ently 
  a 
  maid 
  servant; 
  the 
  sixth 
  body, 
  laid 
  out 
  in 
  the 
  center, 
  was 
  

   that 
  of 
  a 
  woman 
  wearing 
  a 
  wreath 
  of 
  gold 
  beech 
  leaves 
  and 
  another 
  

   of 
  ring 
  pendants 
  strung 
  on 
  carnelians, 
  gold 
  earrings, 
  finger 
  rings, 
  

   necklaces 
  of 
  gold 
  and 
  carnelian, 
  gold 
  hair 
  ribbons, 
  and 
  a 
  frontlet 
  

   decorated 
  with 
  a 
  star 
  rosette 
  and 
  secured 
  by 
  long 
  gold 
  wires 
  ; 
  on 
  the 
  

  

  