﻿448 
  ANNUAL 
  EEPORT 
  SMITHSONIAN 
  INSTITUTION, 
  19 
  2 
  9 
  

  

  though 
  also 
  of 
  unknown 
  authorship. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  rectangle 
  with 
  double 
  

   gateways 
  leading 
  to 
  a 
  central 
  court; 
  the 
  walls 
  of 
  burnt 
  brick 
  are 
  

   over 
  20 
  feet 
  thick; 
  it 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  such 
  a 
  tower 
  as 
  we 
  might 
  expect 
  to 
  

   find 
  guarding 
  the 
  entry 
  to 
  the 
  town. 
  

  

  Under 
  the 
  floors 
  of 
  the 
  Larsa 
  superstructure 
  there 
  were 
  many 
  

   tombs 
  of 
  the 
  period, 
  and 
  later 
  graves, 
  mostly 
  of 
  Neo-Babylonian 
  

   date, 
  were 
  found 
  higher 
  up; 
  these 
  produced 
  a 
  good 
  deal 
  of 
  glazed 
  

   pottery 
  and 
  a 
  few 
  other 
  objects. 
  From 
  one 
  room 
  we 
  recovered 
  a 
  

   collection 
  of 
  tablets, 
  apparently 
  business 
  documents 
  in 
  envelopes, 
  

   of 
  Larsa 
  date; 
  the 
  packing 
  of 
  a 
  drain 
  yielded 
  an 
  unusual 
  object 
  in 
  

   the 
  form 
  of 
  a 
  fragment 
  of 
  a 
  large 
  stone 
  jar 
  bearing 
  an 
  inscription 
  of 
  

   Dungi; 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  foundations 
  of 
  the 
  late 
  fort 
  was 
  found 
  a 
  small 
  

   female 
  head 
  carved 
  in 
  the 
  round 
  from 
  gray 
  stone, 
  with 
  inlaid 
  eyes, 
  

   very 
  much 
  in 
  the 
  style 
  of 
  the 
  marble 
  head 
  with 
  inlaid 
  eyes 
  discov- 
  

   ered 
  three 
  years 
  ago, 
  but 
  smaller 
  and 
  not 
  quite 
  so 
  good. 
  

  

  If 
  we 
  clear 
  the 
  whole 
  circuit 
  of 
  the 
  walled 
  town, 
  as 
  we 
  ought 
  to 
  

   do, 
  we 
  shall 
  not 
  only 
  have 
  a 
  very 
  wonderful 
  monument 
  — 
  our 
  present 
  

   work 
  shows 
  that 
  — 
  but 
  for 
  the 
  first 
  time 
  we 
  shall 
  obtain 
  an 
  adequate 
  

   picture 
  of 
  the 
  system 
  of 
  military 
  defence 
  employed 
  by 
  the 
  great 
  

   builders 
  of 
  Sumer. 
  

  

  GREAT 
  COURT 
  OF 
  THE 
  TEMPLE 
  

  

  Work 
  on 
  the 
  Nannar 
  Temple 
  has 
  been 
  of 
  a 
  very 
  different 
  sort 
  and 
  

   deals 
  with 
  much 
  later 
  dates. 
  On 
  Mr. 
  Mallowan's 
  arrival 
  on 
  Decem- 
  

   ber 
  10, 
  I 
  engaged 
  a 
  fresh 
  gang 
  of 
  50 
  men 
  and 
  put 
  them 
  in 
  his 
  charge 
  

   for 
  the 
  clearing 
  of 
  the 
  chambers 
  along 
  the 
  front 
  of 
  the 
  temple, 
  the 
  

   courtyard 
  of 
  which 
  we 
  had 
  cleared 
  last 
  season. 
  

  

  The 
  general 
  character 
  of 
  the 
  building 
  was 
  already 
  known 
  from 
  

   surface 
  clearing; 
  our 
  object 
  this 
  year 
  was 
  to 
  trace 
  the 
  details 
  of 
  its 
  

   history, 
  and 
  in 
  this 
  we 
  have 
  been 
  eminently 
  successful. 
  Vague 
  

   fragments 
  of 
  wall 
  were 
  unearthed 
  which 
  belong 
  to 
  about 
  3,000 
  B. 
  C. 
  

   and 
  tell 
  of 
  a 
  temple 
  of 
  the 
  moon 
  god 
  lying 
  at 
  the 
  foot 
  of 
  a 
  smaller 
  

   and 
  an 
  older 
  ziggurat 
  than 
  that 
  which 
  we 
  see 
  to-day. 
  Ur-Engur 
  

   built 
  the 
  present 
  ziggurat 
  and 
  laid 
  the 
  foundations 
  of 
  the 
  great 
  

   temple 
  to 
  the 
  patron 
  deity 
  of 
  his 
  city; 
  the 
  sanctuary 
  lay 
  against 
  

   the 
  northwest 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  tower, 
  the 
  huge 
  outer 
  court 
  formed 
  a 
  lower 
  

   platform^ 
  whose 
  containing 
  walls 
  covered 
  a 
  much 
  wider 
  area 
  than 
  the 
  

   old 
  temple. 
  Ur-Engur 
  did 
  not 
  live 
  to 
  finish 
  his 
  work, 
  and 
  his 
  son 
  

   Dungi 
  built 
  the 
  superstructure, 
  the 
  pylon 
  gateway 
  at 
  the 
  entrance 
  of 
  

   the 
  temple 
  and 
  the 
  range 
  of 
  chambers 
  which 
  surrounded 
  the 
  court- 
  

   yard 
  on 
  whose 
  pavement 
  stood 
  the 
  altars 
  or 
  bases 
  of 
  his 
  father 
  and 
  

   himself 
  and, 
  in 
  time, 
  of 
  his 
  son 
  Bur-Sin. 
  After 
  the 
  downfall 
  of 
  the 
  

   splendid 
  third 
  dynasty 
  of 
  Ur 
  a 
  king 
  of 
  Isin 
  filled 
  up 
  half 
  the 
  courtyard 
  

   with 
  a 
  massive 
  brick 
  structure 
  whose 
  meaning 
  is 
  not 
  yet 
  clear 
  to 
  us, 
  

   and 
  a 
  later 
  ruler, 
  Sin-Idinnam 
  of 
  Larsa 
  (c. 
  2000 
  B. 
  C.) 
  blocked 
  the 
  

  

  