﻿452 
  ANNUAL 
  REPORT 
  SMITHSONIAN 
  INSTITUTION, 
  19 
  2 
  9 
  

  

  Probably 
  the 
  Indian 
  strain 
  in 
  the 
  United 
  States, 
  counting 
  propor- 
  

   tional 
  values 
  only, 
  is 
  equivalent 
  to 
  about 
  200,000 
  individuals 
  of 
  pure 
  

   blood, 
  with 
  claims 
  of 
  recent 
  increase 
  unjustified. 
  The 
  Navajo 
  and 
  

   one 
  or 
  two 
  other 
  tribes 
  have 
  more 
  than 
  held 
  their 
  own, 
  but 
  except 
  for 
  

   these 
  a 
  general 
  decrease 
  is 
  indicated. 
  

  

  What 
  a 
  difference 
  when 
  we 
  turn 
  to 
  Mexico! 
  There 
  the 
  census 
  of 
  

   1900 
  found 
  a 
  total 
  of 
  13,605,819 
  inhabitants, 
  classified 
  as 
  19 
  per 
  cent 
  

   whites, 
  38 
  per 
  cent 
  Indian, 
  and 
  43 
  per 
  cent 
  mixed 
  bloods. 
  The 
  census 
  

   of 
  1910 
  gave 
  the 
  total 
  as 
  15,160,369, 
  but 
  by 
  1920 
  this 
  had 
  receded 
  to 
  

   14,234,852, 
  perhaps 
  as 
  a 
  result 
  of 
  civil 
  war 
  and 
  emigration. 
  It 
  is 
  

   difficult 
  even 
  to 
  estimate 
  the 
  proportion 
  of 
  Indian 
  blood 
  in 
  the 
  total 
  

   population 
  of 
  Mexico, 
  since 
  classification 
  is 
  formed 
  on 
  the 
  language 
  

   basis. 
  The 
  statistical 
  Indian 
  is 
  one 
  who 
  speaks 
  an 
  Indian 
  language, 
  

   generally 
  to 
  the 
  exclusion 
  of 
  Spanish. 
  

  

  We 
  have 
  one 
  excellent 
  study 
  of 
  a 
  special 
  region, 
  the 
  Valley 
  of 
  

   Teotihuac&,n, 
  which 
  was 
  made 
  by 
  the 
  Department 
  of 
  Anthropology 
  

   of 
  the 
  Mexican 
  Federal 
  Government.^ 
  The 
  total 
  population 
  of 
  the 
  

   Valley 
  of 
  Teotihuac^n 
  is 
  8,330, 
  of 
  which 
  6,825 
  are 
  of 
  local 
  origin, 
  1,477 
  

   come 
  from 
  other 
  districts 
  of 
  Mexico, 
  10 
  are 
  foreigners, 
  and 
  18 
  unclas- 
  

   sified. 
  In 
  the 
  matter 
  of 
  race 
  5,657 
  are 
  Indians, 
  2,137 
  are 
  mixed 
  bloods 
  

   and 
  536 
  are 
  whites. 
  But 
  of 
  the 
  total, 
  7,860 
  speak 
  Spanish, 
  448 
  both 
  

   Indian 
  and 
  Spanish, 
  while 
  7 
  speak 
  only 
  an 
  aboriginal 
  tongue. 
  The 
  

   proportion 
  of 
  Indian 
  blood 
  in 
  this 
  instance 
  is 
  almost 
  80 
  per 
  cent; 
  but 
  

   whether 
  or 
  not 
  this 
  proportion 
  would 
  hold 
  true 
  of 
  all 
  Mexico 
  is 
  

   another 
  question. 
  

  

  Indian 
  community 
  life 
  and 
  language 
  are 
  preserved 
  in 
  many 
  regions 
  

   of 
  Mexico 
  to 
  a 
  much 
  greater 
  extent 
  than 
  in 
  the 
  Valley 
  of 
  Teotihuac§,n. 
  

   The 
  statistics 
  on 
  native 
  tongues 
  are 
  not 
  reliable, 
  but 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  

   census 
  of 
  1900 
  they 
  are 
  spoken 
  by 
  3,971,434 
  individuals. 
  Playing 
  

   safely 
  within 
  the 
  estimates 
  of 
  several 
  observers 
  but 
  remembering 
  the 
  

   high 
  proportion 
  of 
  Indians 
  who 
  have 
  lost 
  their 
  native 
  speech, 
  we 
  con- 
  

   clude 
  that 
  the 
  Indian 
  blood 
  in 
  Mexico 
  is 
  equivalent 
  to 
  a 
  pure 
  popula- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  at 
  least 
  10,000,000 
  souls.^ 
  

  

  Other 
  Central 
  American 
  and 
  South 
  American 
  countries 
  where 
  the 
  

   Indian 
  forms 
  a 
  very 
  high 
  percentage 
  of 
  the 
  total 
  population 
  are 
  

   Guatemala, 
  Salvador, 
  Honduras, 
  Colombia, 
  Ecuador, 
  Peru, 
  and 
  

   Bolivia. 
  Elsewhere 
  the 
  proportion 
  is 
  always 
  considerable 
  even 
  in 
  the 
  

   cases 
  of 
  Argentina 
  and 
  Chile, 
  which 
  fail 
  to 
  make 
  adequate 
  return 
  in 
  

   their 
  censuses 
  of 
  such 
  Indian 
  blood 
  as 
  does 
  survive 
  among 
  accultured 
  

   aborigines. 
  

  

  ' 
  Manuel 
  Qamio: 
  La 
  poplacion 
  del 
  valle 
  de 
  TeotihuacS.n 
  * 
  * 
  • 
  2 
  vols, 
  in 
  3, 
  Department 
  of 
  Anthro- 
  

   pology, 
  Meiico, 
  1922; 
  Reference 
  in 
  Vol. 
  i, 
  PI. 
  II 
  and 
  pp. 
  xxii-xilv. 
  In 
  the 
  English 
  summary, 
  "Introduc- 
  

   tion, 
  synthesis 
  and 
  conclusions 
  of 
  the 
  work. 
  The 
  Population 
  of 
  the 
  Valley 
  of 
  Teotihuac&n" 
  reference 
  is 
  PL 
  

   III 
  and 
  pp. 
  xxi-xxiii. 
  

  

  • 
  If 
  the 
  "mixed 
  race" 
  classification 
  of 
  the 
  Mexican 
  census 
  be 
  taken 
  as 
  half 
  Indian 
  we 
  have 
  nearly 
  70 
  per 
  

   cent 
  for 
  the 
  total 
  of 
  Indian 
  blood, 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  obviously 
  more 
  than 
  half 
  Indian. 
  

  

  