﻿ABORIGINES 
  OF 
  HISPANIOLA 
  KRIEGER 
  479 
  

  

  the 
  island. 
  To-day 
  the 
  population 
  of 
  the 
  Dominican 
  Republic 
  which 
  

   occupies 
  the 
  eastern 
  three-fourths 
  of 
  the 
  island, 
  the 
  territory 
  once 
  

   held 
  by 
  the 
  Spanish, 
  is 
  estimated 
  at 
  somewhat 
  less 
  than 
  a 
  million 
  

   with 
  no 
  color 
  line 
  drawn 
  between 
  the 
  descendants 
  of 
  former 
  Spanish 
  

   colonists 
  or 
  slaves. 
  Haiti, 
  as 
  a 
  republic, 
  occupies 
  the 
  western 
  end 
  of 
  

   the 
  island 
  and 
  has 
  a 
  population 
  of 
  nearly 
  3,000,000. 
  The 
  French 
  

   element 
  formerly 
  present 
  in 
  this 
  so-called 
  "Black 
  Republic" 
  has 
  entire- 
  

   ly 
  vanished. 
  

  

  BIBLIOGRAPHICAL 
  NOTES 
  

  

  Bartholomew 
  de 
  Las 
  Casas 
  is 
  the 
  apostle 
  of 
  the 
  decline 
  of 
  the 
  native 
  

   population 
  and 
  the 
  principal 
  accuser 
  of 
  Spanish 
  misrule. 
  Of 
  all 
  his 
  

   numerous 
  writings, 
  the 
  two 
  most 
  important 
  for 
  the 
  study 
  of 
  West 
  

   Indian 
  ethnology 
  are 
  the 
  Historia 
  General 
  and 
  the 
  Historia 
  Apolo- 
  

   getica 
  de 
  las 
  Indias. 
  Las 
  Casas 
  tells 
  us 
  that 
  he 
  began 
  this 
  latter 
  work 
  

   in 
  1527 
  while 
  living 
  in 
  the 
  Dominican 
  monastery 
  near 
  Puerto 
  Plata. 
  

  

  The 
  several 
  publications 
  of 
  the 
  Hakluyt 
  Society 
  are 
  useful 
  in 
  study- 
  

   ing 
  early 
  historical 
  contacts 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  the 
  ethnology 
  of 
  the 
  historic 
  

   tribes. 
  Select 
  Letters 
  of 
  Christopher 
  Columbus 
  were 
  published 
  by 
  

   the 
  society 
  in 
  1847; 
  included 
  is 
  the 
  famous 
  letter 
  of 
  Doctor 
  Changa 
  

   describing 
  the 
  second 
  voyage 
  of 
  Columbus. 
  Girolamo 
  Benzoni's 
  His- 
  

   tory 
  of 
  the 
  New 
  World 
  was 
  translated 
  and 
  published 
  by 
  the 
  Hakluyt 
  

   Society 
  in 
  1857. 
  The 
  ethnological 
  observations 
  of 
  Benzoni 
  are 
  first- 
  

   hand, 
  as 
  he 
  spent 
  14 
  years 
  in 
  Haiti, 
  beginning 
  in 
  1541. 
  Benzoni 
  lived 
  

   the 
  simple 
  life 
  while 
  in 
  Haiti 
  even 
  to 
  the 
  extent 
  of 
  making 
  his 
  own 
  cas- 
  

   sava 
  bread. 
  The 
  Journal 
  of 
  the 
  First 
  Voyage 
  of 
  Christopher 
  Colum- 
  

   bus, 
  published 
  by 
  the 
  Hakluyt 
  Society 
  in 
  English 
  in 
  1893, 
  gives 
  a 
  de- 
  

   tailed 
  first-hand 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  admiral's 
  contacts 
  with 
  the 
  natives 
  of 
  

   Haiti. 
  This 
  work 
  and 
  the 
  narrative 
  of 
  Ferdinand 
  Columbus 
  written 
  

   in 
  the 
  nature 
  of 
  a 
  biography 
  of 
  Christopher 
  Columbus 
  are 
  particu- 
  

   larly 
  useful 
  with 
  regard 
  to 
  the 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  ethnology 
  of 
  the 
  island 
  

   at 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  the 
  disco 
  ver3^ 
  

  

  The 
  narratives 
  collected 
  in 
  Churchhill's 
  Voyages 
  and 
  Travels 
  

   include 
  a 
  unique 
  and 
  excellent 
  description 
  of 
  the 
  religious 
  life, 
  magical 
  

   practices, 
  traditions, 
  and 
  social 
  life 
  of 
  the 
  Indians 
  of 
  the 
  Vega, 
  or 
  

   great 
  central 
  valley, 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  Ciguayans 
  of 
  the 
  northern 
  Cordillera. 
  

   This 
  monograph 
  was 
  written 
  by 
  Friar 
  Ramon 
  Pane, 
  a 
  Franciscan 
  

   monk 
  who 
  accompanied 
  Columbus 
  on 
  his 
  second 
  voyage 
  and 
  was 
  

   detailed 
  by 
  him 
  to 
  describe 
  native 
  religious 
  and 
  ceremonial 
  life. 
  

  

  Peter 
  Martyr's 
  Eight 
  Decades, 
  or 
  De 
  Orbe 
  Novo, 
  is 
  best 
  available 
  

   in 
  Francis 
  Augustus 
  MacNutt's 
  translation 
  from 
  the 
  Latin 
  and 
  

   appears 
  in 
  two 
  volumes. 
  The 
  first 
  Decade 
  M^as 
  published 
  in 
  1511 
  

   and 
  is 
  drawn 
  from 
  accounts 
  and 
  observations 
  of 
  Andreas 
  Moralis, 
  who 
  

   had 
  been 
  sent 
  by 
  Governor 
  Ovando, 
  the 
  second 
  successor 
  of 
  Columbus 
  

   as 
  governor 
  of 
  the 
  island, 
  to 
  explore 
  the 
  interior. 
  Much 
  of 
  Martyr's 
  

   work 
  is 
  pure 
  gossip, 
  for 
  he 
  admits 
  that 
  everyone 
  who 
  had 
  been 
  to 
  the 
  

  

  