﻿484 
  ANNUAL. 
  EEPOET 
  SMITHSONIAN 
  INSTITUTION, 
  192 
  9 
  

  

  northeast 
  South 
  America 
  where 
  it 
  continues 
  characteristic 
  of 
  the 
  area. 
  

   The 
  making 
  of 
  bread 
  from 
  the 
  yucca 
  or 
  cassava 
  root 
  {Manihot 
  

   edulis), 
  and 
  the 
  production 
  of 
  vinegar 
  from 
  its 
  juices, 
  used 
  as 
  a 
  

   seasoning 
  for 
  the 
  pepper 
  pot, 
  was 
  introduced 
  from 
  South 
  American 
  

   lowlands. 
  In 
  the 
  West 
  Indies 
  the 
  culture 
  of 
  the 
  yucca 
  was 
  subjected 
  

   to 
  environmental 
  changes. 
  The 
  extensive 
  use 
  of 
  maize 
  in 
  Santo 
  

   Domingo 
  supplies, 
  however, 
  evidence 
  of 
  a 
  culture 
  influence 
  from 
  the 
  

   upland 
  areas 
  of 
  Colombia 
  and 
  regions 
  west 
  of 
  the 
  tropical 
  lowlands 
  of 
  

   Venezuela. 
  The 
  absence 
  of 
  active 
  trade 
  with 
  Yucatan 
  and 
  with 
  

   Mexico 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  the 
  discovery 
  is 
  evidence 
  that 
  theories 
  of 
  

   Mexican 
  influences 
  of 
  a 
  direct 
  nature 
  may 
  be 
  entirely 
  discarded. 
  

  

  Pottery 
  was 
  brought 
  to 
  the 
  Greater 
  Antilles 
  and 
  there 
  developed 
  

   into 
  artistic 
  forms 
  not 
  known 
  in 
  the 
  pristine 
  home 
  of 
  the 
  island 
  

   Arawak. 
  Stoneworking 
  became 
  especially 
  developed 
  in 
  Porto 
  Kico 
  

   and 
  in 
  Haiti 
  and 
  in 
  certain 
  of 
  the 
  islands 
  of 
  the 
  Lesser 
  Antilles 
  where 
  

   suitable 
  stone 
  for 
  working 
  was 
  to 
  be 
  obtained. 
  This 
  art, 
  however, 
  

   appears 
  not 
  to 
  spring 
  from 
  any 
  South 
  American 
  focus 
  of 
  Arawak 
  

   culture. 
  It 
  is 
  rather 
  a 
  special 
  growth, 
  strangely 
  parallel 
  with 
  Mexican 
  

   and 
  Central 
  American 
  examples. 
  The 
  same 
  observation 
  may 
  be 
  

   made 
  with 
  regard 
  to 
  decorative 
  forms 
  in 
  pottery. 
  It 
  is 
  probable 
  that 
  

   tropical 
  South 
  America 
  in 
  its 
  eastern 
  lowland 
  reaches 
  and 
  the 
  Antilles 
  

   each 
  received 
  their 
  original 
  culture 
  impulse 
  from 
  Central 
  American 
  

   sources 
  by 
  way 
  of 
  Colombia; 
  but 
  the 
  West 
  Indies, 
  not 
  being 
  repressive 
  

   areas 
  like 
  the 
  overpowering 
  forests 
  of 
  South 
  America, 
  witnessed 
  a 
  

   local 
  development 
  in 
  agriculture, 
  pottery, 
  and 
  in 
  stoneworking 
  

   surpassing 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  tribes 
  remaining 
  in 
  Venezuelan 
  and 
  related 
  

   land 
  areas. 
  

  

  Culture 
  development 
  in 
  the 
  Greater 
  Antilles 
  does 
  not 
  express 
  

   itself 
  so 
  much 
  in 
  an 
  additional 
  number 
  of 
  culture 
  elements 
  as 
  in 
  

   local 
  embellishments 
  of 
  form. 
  This 
  is 
  especially 
  noticeable 
  in 
  

   pottery 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  sculptor's 
  arts 
  as 
  applied 
  to 
  religious 
  motives. 
  

   It 
  is 
  possible, 
  too, 
  that 
  Cuba, 
  Haiti, 
  and 
  Porto 
  Rico 
  were 
  subjected 
  

   to 
  influences 
  in 
  pottery 
  production 
  from 
  North 
  America. 
  The 
  hand- 
  

   molded 
  anthropomorphic 
  and 
  zoomorphic 
  heads 
  and 
  figurines 
  in 
  clay 
  

   are 
  essentially 
  West 
  Indian 
  in 
  form 
  but 
  Central 
  American 
  in 
  origin, 
  

   their 
  nearest 
  prototypes 
  being 
  the 
  anthropomorphic 
  figurines 
  on 
  

   ancient 
  unpainted 
  ware 
  from 
  Panama. 
  Unpainted 
  archaic 
  pottery 
  

   was 
  brought 
  with 
  the 
  island 
  Arawak 
  from 
  South 
  America 
  and 
  many 
  

   later 
  developments 
  have 
  stimulated 
  the 
  production 
  of 
  pottery 
  in 
  the 
  

   Antilles 
  along 
  original 
  lines 
  embodying 
  new 
  forms. 
  

  

  Griddles 
  of 
  earthenware 
  for 
  baking 
  cassava 
  are 
  South 
  American, 
  

   even 
  with 
  regard 
  to 
  their 
  circular 
  slightly 
  concave 
  form, 
  while 
  the 
  

   typical 
  North 
  American 
  stone 
  mortar 
  (metate) 
  for 
  the 
  grinding 
  of 
  

   corn 
  is 
  greatly 
  modified 
  in 
  the 
  West 
  Indian 
  culture 
  complex. 
  A 
  

   tendency 
  toward 
  a 
  conventionalized 
  treatment 
  of 
  realistic 
  models 
  of 
  

  

  