﻿494 
  ANNUAL 
  REPORT 
  SMITHSONIAN 
  INSTITUTION, 
  192 
  9 
  

  

  Parrots 
  were 
  commonly 
  held 
  in 
  captivity 
  and 
  were 
  freely 
  bartered; 
  

   they 
  were 
  also 
  offered 
  to 
  the 
  Spanish 
  as 
  objects 
  of 
  trade. 
  A 
  pecul- 
  

   iar 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  decoy 
  is 
  worthy 
  of 
  mention 
  here. 
  A 
  native 
  

   equipped 
  with 
  a 
  captive 
  parrot, 
  a 
  noose, 
  and 
  an 
  ambush 
  of 
  straw 
  or 
  

   grass 
  would 
  climb 
  to 
  the 
  branches 
  of 
  a 
  tree 
  near 
  a 
  thicket 
  frequented 
  

   by 
  flocks 
  of 
  wild 
  parrots. 
  When 
  he 
  touched 
  the 
  parrot's 
  head, 
  it 
  

   cried 
  out 
  and 
  attracted 
  another 
  parrot. 
  The 
  noose 
  was 
  then 
  slipped 
  

   over 
  the 
  head 
  of 
  the 
  inquisitive 
  parrot, 
  its 
  neck 
  wrung, 
  and 
  the 
  bird 
  

   let 
  fall 
  to 
  the 
  ground, 
  

  

  IMPLEMENTS 
  AND 
  DECORATIVE 
  OBJECTS 
  OF 
  SHELL 
  AND 
  BONE 
  

  

  In 
  southwestern 
  Florida, 
  picks, 
  celts, 
  and 
  utensils 
  or 
  implements 
  of 
  

   varied 
  description 
  were 
  fashioned 
  from 
  species 
  of 
  the 
  Busy 
  con, 
  in 
  

   aboriginal 
  Haiti, 
  varieties 
  of 
  the 
  Strombus 
  were 
  similarly 
  employed. 
  

   Objects 
  of 
  personal 
  adornment, 
  amulets 
  and 
  pendants, 
  fetishes 
  or 
  

   zemis, 
  necklaces 
  and 
  beads, 
  all 
  were 
  worked 
  from 
  varieties 
  of 
  shell 
  of 
  

   the 
  conch, 
  clam, 
  and 
  other 
  bivalve 
  or 
  univalves. 
  

  

  The 
  presence 
  of 
  conch-shell 
  bowls, 
  plates, 
  or 
  utensils 
  and 
  imple- 
  

   ments 
  of 
  any 
  description 
  has 
  been 
  characterized 
  as 
  pre-Arawak, 
  

   and 
  has 
  been 
  attributed 
  to 
  the 
  ''Cibonej'^" 
  in 
  Cuba. 
  Shell 
  heaps 
  

   and 
  kitchen 
  middens 
  in 
  Santo 
  Domingan 
  caves 
  and 
  deposits 
  in 
  open 
  

   village 
  sites 
  reveal 
  great 
  quantities 
  of 
  such 
  implements. 
  A 
  disturbing 
  

   element 
  is 
  the 
  invariable 
  juxtaposition 
  of 
  crude 
  and 
  well-fashioned 
  

   shell 
  utensils 
  and 
  implements 
  in 
  the 
  open 
  village 
  sites 
  when 
  no 
  evi- 
  

   dence 
  of 
  culture 
  stratification 
  appears 
  to 
  the 
  careful 
  investigator. 
  

   Another 
  problematical 
  factor 
  is 
  the 
  relationship 
  existing 
  between 
  the 
  

   undoubtedly 
  Arawak 
  pottery 
  and 
  the 
  crude 
  stone 
  objects 
  occurring 
  

   in 
  the 
  same 
  level 
  of 
  the 
  midden. 
  It 
  has 
  also 
  been 
  observed 
  that 
  

   objects 
  of 
  shell 
  or 
  of 
  coral 
  occur 
  most 
  frequently 
  in 
  those 
  kitchen 
  

   middens 
  and 
  former 
  Arawak 
  village 
  sites 
  nearest 
  the 
  seacoasts 
  where 
  

   suitable 
  stone 
  for 
  shaping 
  into 
  celts 
  and 
  other 
  implements 
  can 
  not 
  be 
  

   obtained. 
  It 
  is 
  true 
  that 
  many 
  objects 
  of 
  aboriginal 
  provenience 
  

   found 
  their 
  way 
  into 
  native 
  barter 
  and 
  so 
  traveled 
  a 
  long 
  way 
  from 
  

   the 
  place 
  of 
  their 
  manufacture, 
  but 
  ordinarily 
  objects 
  of 
  shell 
  were 
  

   utilized 
  when 
  stone 
  was 
  not 
  available, 
  also 
  when, 
  as 
  in 
  sites 
  near 
  the 
  

   coast, 
  there 
  was 
  a 
  superabundance 
  of 
  shell 
  available. 
  

  

  It 
  may 
  be 
  assumed 
  for 
  sake 
  of 
  an 
  available 
  hypothesis 
  that 
  the 
  

   cave 
  culture 
  of 
  Samana 
  Bay 
  in 
  eastern 
  Santo 
  Domingo 
  where 
  imple- 
  

   ments 
  and 
  utensils 
  of 
  shell 
  predominate 
  to 
  the 
  practical 
  exclusion 
  

   of 
  manufactured 
  objects 
  of 
  pottery 
  and 
  stone, 
  was 
  developed 
  by 
  a 
  

   pre-Arawak 
  people. 
  The 
  Arawak 
  type 
  of 
  culture 
  in 
  Porto 
  Rico 
  and 
  

   in 
  eastern 
  Haiti 
  is 
  characterized 
  by 
  additional, 
  more 
  sophisticated 
  

   objects 
  of 
  material 
  culture, 
  such 
  as 
  axes 
  and 
  celts 
  of 
  polished 
  stone, 
  

   painted 
  and 
  unpainted 
  pottery 
  characterized 
  by 
  applied 
  figurine 
  

   heads 
  and 
  geometrical, 
  incised 
  decorative 
  designs; 
  and 
  generally, 
  

  

  