﻿MECHANICALi 
  TEANSPOKT 
  MITMAN 
  511 
  

  

  pumps 
  had 
  been 
  increased 
  in 
  size, 
  gradually, 
  until 
  toward 
  the 
  close 
  

   of 
  the 
  seventeenth 
  century 
  the 
  largest 
  which 
  man 
  or 
  beast 
  could 
  pro- 
  

   ficiently 
  handle 
  were 
  being 
  used. 
  Here 
  then 
  was 
  a 
  definite 
  need 
  for 
  

   more 
  power. 
  Hero, 
  Porta, 
  De 
  Cans, 
  Huygens, 
  and 
  Papin 
  had 
  con- 
  

   tributed 
  all 
  the 
  rudiments 
  for 
  a 
  power 
  machine 
  which 
  simply 
  awaited 
  

   the 
  touch 
  of 
  some 
  mechanical 
  magician 
  to 
  form 
  a 
  complete 
  structure. 
  

   That 
  touch 
  was 
  given 
  in 
  1698 
  by 
  Capt. 
  Thomas 
  Savery. 
  He 
  was 
  an 
  

   English 
  coal-mine 
  owner 
  and 
  operator. 
  In 
  the 
  j^ear 
  cited, 
  he 
  con- 
  

   structed 
  and 
  patented 
  a 
  machine 
  for 
  raising 
  water 
  ''by 
  the 
  impellent 
  

   force 
  of 
  fire." 
  This 
  represents 
  the 
  first 
  attempt 
  to 
  utilize 
  fuel 
  as 
  a 
  

   practical 
  means 
  of 
  doing 
  mechanical 
  work. 
  His 
  engine 
  was 
  not 
  in 
  

   actual 
  service, 
  however, 
  because 
  no 
  one 
  laiew 
  how 
  to 
  make 
  boilers 
  

   and 
  pipes 
  strong 
  enough 
  to 
  resist 
  the 
  steam 
  pressure 
  necessary 
  to 
  raise 
  

   the 
  water 
  from 
  the 
  deeper 
  mines. 
  

  

  But 
  before 
  discouragement 
  could 
  set 
  in, 
  Thomas 
  Newcomen, 
  an 
  

   ironmonger 
  and 
  blacksmith 
  of 
  Dartmouth, 
  England, 
  came 
  forward 
  in 
  

   1712 
  with 
  his 
  atmospheric 
  steam 
  engine, 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  remarkable 
  

   inventions 
  of 
  any 
  age 
  or 
  time. 
  From 
  this, 
  the 
  growth 
  of 
  the 
  modern 
  

   steam 
  engine 
  is 
  definitely 
  traced. 
  Newcomen 
  had 
  the 
  same 
  old 
  ver- 
  

   tical 
  cylinder 
  and 
  piston 
  but 
  he 
  injected 
  cold 
  water 
  into 
  the 
  cylinder 
  

   to 
  condense 
  the 
  steam, 
  and 
  added 
  a 
  valve 
  gear 
  which 
  enabled 
  the 
  

   engine 
  to 
  keep 
  up 
  its 
  motion 
  as 
  long 
  as 
  steam 
  was 
  provided. 
  Then 
  

   began 
  the 
  age 
  of 
  steam 
  and 
  the 
  steam 
  engine, 
  for 
  the 
  later 
  develop- 
  

   ments 
  of 
  which 
  the 
  world 
  is 
  indebted 
  to 
  Watt, 
  Evans, 
  Corliss, 
  De 
  

   Laval, 
  Parsons, 
  and 
  many 
  others. 
  

  

  II. 
  HOW 
  THE 
  STEAM 
  ENGINE 
  CAME 
  TO 
  AMERICA 
  

  

  Newcomen 
  had 
  no 
  trouble 
  getting 
  orders 
  for 
  his 
  engines 
  after 
  he 
  had 
  

   demonstrated 
  what 
  they 
  could 
  do. 
  He 
  employed 
  additional 
  help 
  

   both 
  to 
  make 
  and 
  erect 
  them. 
  One 
  of 
  his 
  best 
  erection 
  engineers 
  

   was 
  Joseph 
  Hornblower, 
  who 
  assisted 
  him 
  when 
  he 
  installed 
  one 
  of 
  

   his 
  first 
  engines 
  in 
  Staffordshire. 
  Hornblower 
  had 
  two 
  sons, 
  Jona- 
  

   than 
  and 
  Josiah, 
  both 
  of 
  whom 
  followed 
  in 
  their 
  father's 
  footsteps 
  

   as 
  engineers 
  and 
  were 
  engaged 
  with 
  him, 
  about 
  1748, 
  in 
  constructing 
  

   Newcomen 
  "fire 
  engines." 
  

  

  One 
  day 
  Jonathan 
  received 
  word 
  to 
  come 
  to 
  London 
  to 
  meet 
  the 
  local 
  

   agent 
  of 
  an 
  American 
  colonist. 
  The 
  result 
  of 
  this 
  meeting 
  was 
  that 
  

   the 
  Hornblowers 
  consented 
  to 
  build 
  and 
  erect 
  an 
  engine 
  at 
  the 
  copper 
  

   mine 
  of 
  Col. 
  John 
  Schuyler 
  in 
  New 
  Jersey. 
  Schuyler's 
  mine 
  at 
  Belle- 
  

   ville, 
  near 
  Newark, 
  was 
  the 
  only 
  one 
  in 
  the 
  colonies 
  and 
  from 
  it 
  ore 
  

   had 
  been 
  shipped 
  to 
  England 
  for 
  25 
  years 
  or 
  more. 
  With 
  the 
  lower- 
  

   ing 
  of 
  the 
  mine 
  shaft 
  water 
  came 
  in 
  in 
  such 
  quantities 
  as 
  to 
  tax 
  the 
  

   pumps 
  to 
  their 
  limit. 
  In 
  this 
  connection 
  Benjamin 
  Franklin 
  wrote 
  

   to 
  a 
  friend 
  in 
  February, 
  1750: 
  "I 
  know 
  of 
  but 
  one 
  valuable 
  copper 
  

   mine 
  in 
  this 
  country, 
  which 
  is 
  that 
  of 
  Schuyler's, 
  in 
  the 
  Jerseys. 
  This 
  

  

  