﻿MECHANICAL, 
  TRANSPORT 
  MITMAN 
  553 
  

  

  changed 
  all 
  this. 
  The 
  first 
  oil 
  boom 
  began 
  and 
  daily 
  new 
  wells 
  came 
  

   in, 
  yielding 
  additional 
  thousands 
  of 
  barrels 
  of 
  oil. 
  The 
  last 
  stumbling 
  

   block 
  to 
  the 
  development 
  of 
  an 
  oil 
  engine 
  had 
  been 
  removed 
  and 
  

   inventors 
  buckled 
  down 
  to 
  the 
  task. 
  

  

  George 
  Bray 
  ton 
  in 
  Boston, 
  with 
  almost 
  20 
  years' 
  study 
  of 
  and 
  

   experiment 
  with 
  explosives 
  back 
  of 
  him, 
  devised 
  and 
  patented 
  his 
  oil 
  

   engine 
  in 
  1874. 
  In 
  1876 
  N. 
  A. 
  Otto, 
  of 
  Cologne, 
  Germany, 
  obtained 
  

   his 
  American 
  patent 
  for 
  the 
  4-cycle 
  gasoline 
  engine 
  — 
  the 
  type 
  now 
  

   universally 
  used 
  for 
  automobiles. 
  George 
  B. 
  Selden, 
  of 
  Rochester, 
  

   N. 
  Y., 
  filed 
  his 
  application 
  for 
  a 
  patent 
  on 
  a 
  gasoline-engined 
  horse- 
  

   less 
  carriage 
  in 
  1879, 
  using 
  a 
  Brayton 
  type 
  engine. 
  Gottlieb 
  Daimler, 
  

   of 
  Germany, 
  produced 
  the 
  first 
  lightweight, 
  high-speed 
  gasoline 
  engine 
  

   around 
  1883, 
  and 
  on 
  March 
  4, 
  1887, 
  harnessed 
  it 
  to 
  wheels 
  and 
  success- 
  

   fully 
  ran 
  the 
  first 
  gasoline-propelled 
  vehicle. 
  

  

  Daimler's 
  accomplishment 
  proved 
  a 
  revelation 
  of 
  the 
  possibilities 
  

   in 
  highway 
  transportation. 
  Soon 
  others 
  were 
  following 
  his 
  lead: 
  

   Benz 
  in 
  Germany; 
  Napier, 
  Lancaster, 
  Royce, 
  and 
  Austin 
  in 
  England; 
  

   and 
  Peugeot, 
  De 
  Dion, 
  Renault, 
  Bollee, 
  Panhard, 
  and 
  Levassor 
  in 
  

   France. 
  Before 
  yielding 
  to 
  others, 
  Panhard 
  and 
  Levassor 
  evolved 
  

   the 
  present-day 
  automobile, 
  the 
  chassis 
  separate 
  from 
  the 
  body; 
  the 
  

   engine 
  placed 
  upright 
  and 
  in 
  front 
  under 
  a 
  hood; 
  the 
  clutch 
  and 
  

   transmission 
  gears 
  back 
  of 
  the 
  engine; 
  and 
  chain 
  drive 
  to 
  the 
  rear 
  

   wheels. 
  Except 
  for 
  the 
  substitution 
  of 
  shaft 
  for 
  chain 
  drive 
  their 
  

   design 
  of 
  1895 
  is 
  practically 
  the 
  same 
  as 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  automobile 
  of 
  1929. 
  

  

  Americans 
  were 
  by 
  no 
  means 
  asleep 
  during 
  these 
  stirring 
  times 
  in 
  

   Europe 
  and 
  were 
  only 
  a 
  little 
  behind 
  their 
  foreign 
  contemporaries 
  in 
  

   building 
  and 
  successfully 
  running 
  gasoline 
  vehicles. 
  Although 
  Selden 
  

   was 
  the 
  first 
  to 
  announce 
  publicly 
  his 
  intentions 
  in 
  this 
  direction 
  by 
  

   applying 
  for 
  a 
  patent, 
  he 
  spent 
  his 
  time 
  in 
  juggling 
  the 
  application 
  

   and 
  keeping 
  it 
  alive 
  in 
  the 
  Patent 
  Office 
  for 
  16 
  years 
  and 
  did 
  not 
  con- 
  

   struct 
  a 
  single 
  machine 
  during 
  this 
  time. 
  

  

  Two 
  middle 
  westerners, 
  on 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  Charles 
  E. 
  Duryea 
  and 
  

   Elwood 
  G. 
  Haynes, 
  went 
  at 
  the 
  problem 
  the 
  other 
  way 
  round 
  — 
  build- 
  

   ing 
  machines 
  first 
  — 
  and 
  it 
  was 
  the 
  successful 
  performance 
  of 
  Duryea's 
  

   cars, 
  followed 
  almost 
  immediately 
  by 
  those 
  of 
  Haynes, 
  that 
  made 
  the 
  

   gasoHne 
  automobile 
  a 
  reality 
  to 
  the 
  people 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States. 
  The 
  

   manufacture 
  and, 
  sale 
  of 
  their 
  first 
  machines 
  mark 
  the 
  beginning 
  of 
  

   the 
  great 
  American 
  automobile 
  industry. 
  

  

  CHARLES 
  E. 
  DURYEA 
  

  

  On 
  his 
  father's 
  farm, 
  4 
  miles 
  from 
  Canton, 
  111., 
  Duryea 
  was 
  born 
  

   December 
  15, 
  1861. 
  His 
  boyhood 
  came 
  just 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  when 
  ma- 
  

   chinery 
  was 
  being 
  rapidly 
  adopted 
  for 
  farm 
  use 
  so 
  that 
  he 
  became 
  

   quite 
  familiar 
  with 
  a 
  wide 
  variety 
  of 
  mechanical 
  devices. 
  Transpor- 
  

   tation 
  had 
  always 
  fascinated 
  him, 
  however, 
  and 
  almost 
  as 
  soon 
  as 
  he 
  

  

  