﻿556 
  ANNUAL 
  EEPORT 
  SMITHSOISTIAlSr 
  INSTITUTION, 
  1929 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  meantime 
  the 
  Duryea 
  Motor 
  Wagon 
  Co. 
  had 
  been 
  organized 
  

   in 
  Springfield 
  Mass., 
  and 
  during 
  the 
  winter 
  of 
  1895-96 
  13 
  motor 
  

   carriages 
  were 
  built 
  and 
  sold 
  — 
  the 
  first 
  automobiles 
  to 
  be 
  regularly 
  

   made 
  for 
  sale 
  in 
  the 
  United 
  States. 
  Thus 
  the 
  great 
  ambition 
  of 
  

   America's 
  pioneer 
  automobile 
  manufacturer, 
  Charles 
  E. 
  Duryea, 
  

   became 
  an 
  accomplished 
  fact. 
  

  

  ELWOOD 
  G. 
  HAYNES 
  

  

  If 
  an 
  automobile 
  could 
  have 
  been 
  purchased 
  anywhere 
  in 
  the 
  

   United 
  States 
  in 
  1890, 
  it 
  is 
  more 
  than 
  likely 
  that 
  Elwood 
  Haynes 
  

   would 
  never 
  have 
  had 
  the 
  notion 
  of 
  building 
  one. 
  He 
  was 
  engaged 
  

   in 
  the 
  production 
  of 
  oil 
  and 
  gas 
  and 
  his 
  duties 
  obliged 
  him 
  to 
  travel 
  

   constantly 
  with 
  a 
  horse 
  and 
  buggy. 
  He 
  wanted 
  a 
  faster 
  conveyance 
  

   and 
  could 
  not 
  find 
  one, 
  so 
  he 
  undertook 
  to 
  make 
  one 
  for 
  himself. 
  

   Haynes 
  was 
  born 
  in 
  Portland, 
  Ind., 
  on 
  October 
  14, 
  1857. 
  When 
  he 
  

   was 
  14 
  — 
  that 
  experimental 
  age 
  — 
  someone 
  gave 
  him 
  a 
  book 
  on 
  chem- 
  

   istry. 
  What 
  he 
  subsequently 
  read 
  fascinated 
  him 
  to 
  such 
  an 
  extent 
  

   that 
  he 
  tried 
  to 
  carry 
  out 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  experiments 
  described 
  and 
  with 
  

   the 
  crude 
  apparatus 
  he 
  could 
  devise 
  he 
  made 
  oxygen 
  gas, 
  hydro- 
  

   cloric 
  acid, 
  and 
  a 
  few 
  other 
  things. 
  That 
  serious 
  play 
  gave 
  the 
  first 
  

   clue 
  to 
  his 
  ingenuity; 
  it 
  started 
  him 
  on 
  an 
  inventive 
  career; 
  and 
  it 
  

   brought 
  about 
  the 
  decision 
  to 
  make 
  chemistry 
  and 
  metallurgy 
  his 
  

   life 
  work. 
  

  

  Haynes 
  prepared 
  for 
  college 
  and 
  entered 
  Worcester 
  Polytechnic 
  

   Institute 
  at 
  Worcester, 
  Mass., 
  in 
  1877. 
  His 
  thesis 
  on 
  graduation 
  

   dealt 
  with 
  The 
  Effect 
  of 
  Tungsten 
  on 
  Iron 
  and 
  Steel. 
  He 
  returned 
  

   home, 
  but 
  three 
  years 
  later 
  he 
  enlisted 
  in 
  a 
  postgraduate 
  course 
  at 
  

   Johns 
  Hopkins 
  University 
  in 
  chemistry 
  and 
  metallurgy. 
  A 
  year 
  

   later 
  he 
  became 
  the 
  science 
  teacher 
  in 
  the 
  Eastern 
  Indiana 
  Normal 
  

   School 
  at 
  his 
  home 
  in 
  Portland 
  and 
  taught 
  for 
  three 
  years. 
  Just 
  

   about 
  that 
  time 
  the 
  natural 
  gas 
  and 
  oil 
  business 
  began 
  to 
  boom 
  around 
  

   Portland. 
  Haynes 
  joined 
  the 
  new 
  industry 
  and 
  from 
  1889 
  to 
  1892 
  he 
  

   served 
  as 
  manager 
  of 
  the 
  Portland 
  Natural 
  Gas 
  & 
  Oil 
  Co. 
  Visiting 
  

   the 
  company's 
  wells 
  by 
  horse 
  and 
  buggy 
  proved 
  too 
  slow 
  for 
  him 
  and 
  

   led 
  him 
  to 
  seek 
  a 
  speedier 
  substitute. 
  

  

  Haynes 
  considered 
  three 
  possible 
  sources 
  of 
  power 
  — 
  steam, 
  elec- 
  

   tricity, 
  and 
  gasoline. 
  He 
  soon 
  eliminated 
  the 
  first 
  two. 
  No 
  machine 
  

   shop 
  existed 
  in 
  Greentown, 
  Ind., 
  and 
  no 
  facilities 
  of 
  any 
  kind 
  for 
  

   building 
  a 
  machine, 
  so 
  that 
  he 
  was 
  restricted 
  to 
  the 
  drawing 
  of 
  a 
  few 
  

   sketches 
  of 
  possible 
  mechanisms. 
  In 
  1892, 
  however, 
  he 
  moved 
  to 
  

   Kokomo, 
  and 
  soon 
  afterward 
  made 
  some 
  rough 
  sketches 
  of 
  a 
  self- 
  

   propelled 
  vehicle. 
  In 
  the 
  fall 
  of 
  1893 
  Haynes 
  bought 
  a 
  single-cylinder, 
  

   1-horsepower 
  gasoline 
  engine, 
  made 
  by 
  the 
  Sintz 
  Gas 
  Engine 
  Co. 
  of 
  

   Grand 
  Rapids, 
  Mich. 
  Next, 
  after 
  much 
  dehbcration 
  and 
  examination 
  

   of 
  various 
  styles 
  of 
  carriages, 
  he 
  purchased 
  a 
  single 
  buggy 
  body 
  as 
  

  

  