10 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1915. 



ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESEARCHES IN AFRICA AND SIBERIA. 



In connection with the work of the division of physical anthropol- 

 ogy in the National Museum, two expeditions were sent out during 

 the year 1914 under the joint auspices of the Smithsonian Institution 

 and the Panama-California Exposition at San Diego. 



One of these expeditions was in charge of Dr. V. Schiick, anthro- 

 pologist of Prague, Bohemia, and its objects were: 1, to study the 

 negro child in its native environment, and thereby create a basis of 

 comparison for the study of the negro child in our country; 2, to 

 "\'isit the South African Bushmen for the purpose of obtaining meas- 

 urements, photographs, and facial casts of the same; and 3, to 

 visit British East Africa in search of the Pygmies. The tribe chosen 

 for the child study were the Zulu, of .Natal or Zululand, and over 1,000 

 children and adolescents of all ages — ages which could be definitely 

 determined — were examined. These data are expected to contribute 

 some very important results to anthropology. The Bushmen were 

 reached in the Kalahari Desert, and besides other results 20 first-class 

 facial casts were obtained of the people, which have since then been 

 installed among the anthropological exhibits at San Diego. As to 

 British East Africa, the work soon after a successful beginning was 

 interrupted by the war. 



The second expedition was in charge of Dr. St. Poniatowski, head 

 of the ethnological laboratory at WarsaAv. The object of this expedi- 

 tion was to visit a number of the remnants of native tribes in eastern 

 Siberia, among which are found physical types which so closely 

 resemble the American Indian. The expedition reached two such 

 tribes, and secured valuable data, photographs, etc., when its work 

 also was interrupted by the war. 



THE NATURAL HISTORY OF MAN. 



Some of the results of exploration and field work by the Institution 

 among various races of mankind are shown in connection with the 

 anthropological exhibits of the Panama-California Exposition at 

 San Diego. These exhibits were in preparation for over three years. 

 They are original and much more comprehensive than any previous 

 exhibits in this line, either in this country or abroad. Dr. Hrdlicka, 

 under whose direction this exhibit was prepared, describes it as fol- 

 lows : 



The exhibits fill five large connecting rooms, which occupy the building of the 

 Science of Man at the Exposition. Four of these rooms are devoted to the 

 natural history of man, while the fifth is fitted up as a modern anthropological 

 laboratory, library, and lecture room. Of the four rooms of exhibits proper, 

 the first is devoted to man's phylogeny, or evolution; the second, to his ontog- 

 eny, or life cycle at the present time ; the third, to his variation ( sexual, indi- 

 vidual, racial) ; and the fourth, to his pathology and death. 



