38 ANNUAL EEPOET SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1915. 



four large family groups, representing the Alaskan Eskimo, the 

 Zulu-Kaffir of southern Africa, the Caribs of British Guiana, and the 

 Dyaks of Borneo. These are supplemented by a series of 10 aborigi- 

 nal dwelling groups, a large collection of artifacts, and several sy- 

 noptic series illustrating the history of fire making and illumination, 

 the jacklmife, the saw, the spindle and shuttle, and the hafted and 

 perforated stone ax. Outside of ethnology the only material exhibit 

 is a splendid group of the common elk, or wapiti, of the Rocky Moun- 

 tain region, comprising male, female, and young, but the important 

 Museum exhibits in anthropology, biology, and geology are repre- 

 sented by means of an extensive series of lantern slides for use with 

 the stereomotorgraph. 



While the Panama-California Exposition at San Diego received no 

 aid from the Government, the Museum was enabled to take part and 

 also to derive considerable benefit through a cooperative arrangement 

 between the management of the exposition and the Smithsonian Insti- 

 tution, whereby the latter assumed charge of the assembling and 

 installation of an exhibit of physical anthropology and another illus- 

 trating certain important industries of the xVmerican aborigines. The 

 expenses were entirely defrayed by the exposition company, which 

 allotted $27,000 for the former subject and $5,000 for the latter. 

 Preparations were begun in 1912, and in physical anthropology, un- 

 der Dr. Ales Hrdlicka, of the Museum staff, entailed extensive ex- 

 plorations which were carried to many quarters of the globe. The 

 collections as finally installed greatly surpass in richness, instructive- 

 ness, and harmony anything before attempted in this line. They are 

 divided into four sections, illustrating, respectively, man's evolution ; 

 his development or growth; his racial, sexual, and individual vari- 

 ations; and the causes, outside of normal senilitj^, which contribute 

 to the decline of the human organism, as disease and injury. The 

 other exhibit, prepared under the direction of Mr. William H. 

 Holmes, head curator of anthropology, consists primarily of six lay- 

 figure groups, representing the mining of iron ore and pigment mate- 

 rials, and of copper, the quarrying of soapstone, obsidian and build- 

 ing stone, and the arrow makers. These groups are supplemented by 

 extensive series of the implements, utensils, and art works generallj'^ 

 of these ancient peoples. Particular interest attaches to these col- 

 lections, as they have been installed as permanent exhibits in a build- 

 ing specially erected as a museum feature for the city of San Diego. 

 The benefits derived by the National Museum through its participa- 

 tion in this exposition consist in the division of a part of the collec- 

 tions, the opportunity of reproducing many novel features, and the 

 vrorking up and publication of the scientific results of the expedi- 

 tions which were mainly into new and important fields. 



