REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 49 



spent chiefly in the collection of linguistic material for a comparative 

 study of the Kalapuya dialects. Special attention was given to the 

 Yamhill and Yonkalla variations. Dr. Frachtenberg's field work 

 proved highly successful. He obtained 30 myths, tales, historical 

 narratives, and ethnographic descriptions, told in the various Kala- 

 puya dialects, an unusually large amount of grammatical notes, suffi- 

 cient material for a linguistic map showing the original distribution 

 of the several Kalapuya dialects, and some data on Kalapuya eth- 

 nology. A glance at this material reveals some interesting facts: 

 The Kalapuya Indians in former times were the most powerful and 

 numerous family of Oregon. They claimed the whole of the fertile 

 valley of the Willamette, extending from the Coast Eange to the Cas- 

 cade Mountains, their settlements reaching as far north as the pres- 

 ent Portland and as far south as the middle course of Umpqua River, 

 an area of approximately 12,000 square miles. These Indians were 

 placed on the Grand Ronde Reservation in 1857, at the close of the 

 Rogue River war. Previous tribal wars and frequent epidemics of 

 smallpox and other infectious diseases have reduced the Kalapuya 

 tribes to such an extent that Dr. Frachtenberg has found but a mere 

 handful of survivors, hence the time is not far off when the stock will 

 become extinct. 



The Kalapuya family embraces a large number of tribes, the most 

 important of which are: (1) Atfalati (or Wapato Lake), living 

 formerly on the banks of the Tualatin River; (2) Yamhill, claiming 

 the banks of the river of the same name; (3) Lakmayuk, who ob- 

 taijied their name from the river Luckiamute; (4) Marys River 

 (Calapooia proper), whose settlements were situated along the banks 

 of the Calapooia and Marys Rivers; (5) Yonkalla, the most south- 

 erly Kalapuya tribe; (6) Ahantsayuk, also called Pudding River 

 Indians; and (7) Santiam, who formerly lived on the banks of 

 Santiam River. These tribes speak varieties of the Kalapuya lan- 

 guage, which show remarkable lexicographic diversities. Morpho- 

 logical differentiations exist also, but are chiefly of a phonetic nature. 

 All difi^erences between the dialects seem to have been caused by a 

 geographic distribution, resulting in the three subdivisions men- 

 tioned in the last annual report. Long and continued contact of the 

 Kalapuya Indians with white settlers has resulted in a complete 

 breaking down of the native culture and mode of living; conse- 

 quently the ethnologic data obtainable were very meager and in most 

 cases were given as information obtained through hearsay. 



In the early part of January Dr. Frachtenberg made a short trip 

 to the Siletz Agency for the purpose of settling a few questions per- 

 taining to Alsea phonetics. In view of the fact that the allotment 

 made for his field researches during the fiscal year became exhausted 

 Dr. Frachtenberg was obliged to remain in the field until the close 

 18618°— SM 1915 i 



