Ad Mr. Redfield on the Rotary Action 
ExpLanations or Fic. 3.—The cases of prostration 4 to 14, were from 
aline of small locust-trees on the west border of an old apple orchard, 
und are severally shifted a little out of line for the sake of a distinct exhi- 
bition of their directions. 
From thence to near Tifts’ house at 4, the ground is but slightly fore- 
shortened, and the relative positions of each tree, on the left of the centre, 
are approximately shown. ‘The figure was drawn from my field notes on 
account of the distinct phenomena which were exhibited on this part of the 
track, and which, in cases a, 14, 22, 21, 23, and 27, show conclusively the 
first action of the whirl across the path of the axis, and sweeping towards 
the northern border of the track. On the opposite or right side of the axis, 
southward of 15, there were no trees exposed, and the effects of the tornado 
were here visible only on the crops and fences. Therefore the cases shown 
on the figures south of the axis, and also westward of 22 on the left side, 
were brought in from the more western parts of the track between the 
orchard and the river, and include all the prostrations from the latter to 
Tifts’ house; and their relative distances from the axis or centre of the 
track are but approximated. 
Case 14 represents a small locust-tree broken off at an old wound near 
the root and carried outward and backward into the adjoining fallow 
field, having struck into the ground seven times in its course, leaving di- 
stinct traces. It was finally left at a point N.57° W. from its stump, at 
the distance of forty yards, with its top turned southwardly, in conformity 
with its two last traces in the soft ground. = 
Case 10, a small locust-tree was prostrated 8. 25° W., leaving its mark 
in the fallow ground. It was subsequently shifted, by the progressive change 
in the whirlwind, to S. 11° E. 
Case a, an old apple-tree with but a single branch projecting southwardly 
from its trunk ; this branch was taken off by the onset of the tornado and 
struck into the ground north-west from the trunk, depositing its apples at 
this spot. The limb itself was missing.—Case 21, apples deposited as in 
case a. 
Case 22, a small wild cherry-tree was found lying on and against the 
stump of 14, having first been thrown from the latter by the onset of the 
wind and subsequently swung round by the south to its present position, 
as appeared by the impressions made in the ground. Its final position was 
such, as if occurring at the outset would have prevented 14 from being 
carried off north-westerly.—Case 23, the branch of an apple-tree was thrown 
west.—At 6 is shown the relative position of Tifts’ house. 
Case 27 shows the original position of a large pear-tree, the stem of 
which was broken off and first thrown northward, where it ploughed up the 
soft ground of the garden by its force, and continued its circuit to a point 
north-west of its original position, where it remained with its top turned 
toward the south. 
For the purposes of a general comparison, the observed or 
first-known directions of the prostrations on the two sides of 
the track may be summed up as follows. 
Left or North side of the Track, Right or South side of the Track. 
Direction Inclination inward Direction Inclination inward 
of first and backward from of first and backward from 
Case. prostration, course of tornado, | Case. prostration, course of tornado, 
38 S. 74°E. 16° 29 N. 65°R. 25° 
39 S. 70 E. 20 32 N.77 E. 13 
35 S. 67 E. 23 30 N. 60 E. 30 
] $.10 E. 80 33 N.80 E. 10 
