4.32 Mr, Arrott on some new 
a body of an atomic constitution similar to 
HOW OWED 
the liquid, the circuit is completed, H Cl is formed, and 
equilibrium restored. The attraction which was before ex- 
erted between H and Cl was unobserved on account of their 
extreme nearness, but is now continued through the whole 
length of the circuit, and we have thus the means of sae al 
the | phzenomena to which it gives rise. 
If Cl be the only free element, the molecules arrange them- 
selves thus: —( Fig. 4.) C) | the Cland H unite, and the O is 
XO) 
set free; if in place of C] and O being in contact at the moment 
of the evolution of O, they are at some distance, the interve- 
ning space being occupied by a metal, we have the same phe- . 
nomena as in the first case, except, that the O finding nothing 
with which it can unite, is set free at the surface of the metal ; 
the action in this case proceeds much more rapidly than when 
no metal is used, in consequence of the great attraction be- 
tween the zincous and chlorous atoms of the platina, for the 
attraction throughout the circuit is equal to the most powerful 
exerted at any part of it. It is not necessary that the atoms 
acting in this manner should be elementary substances, for 
compound substances, such as cyanogen, many neutral salts 
and organic substances, act in the same manner. 
The result of the action is the same, whether we simply 
mix the liquids, or form them into a voltaic circuit as above 
described. If, for example, we mix one equivalent of Cl and 
Sn Cl, one equivalent of Sn Cl, is formed. If, instead 
of mixing the solutions, we place them in porous vessels, 
immersed in hydrochloric acid, and connect them by a slip 
of platina, the result is the same as before, and the quantity 
of acid remains the same, having served merely as the means 
of connecting the solutions, and tight be dispensed with, were 
it not, that the unavoidable mixing which takes place when 
the solutions are in contact, renders ‘ the result very unsatisfac- 
tory. If, in place of the above-mentioned solutions, we sub- 
stitute the per- and protochloride of iron, the formation of per- 
and protochloride continues till the quantity of these salts is 
equal in the two vessels. 
It thus appears that the result is the same as would be pro- 
duced by diffusion. 
The action as before mentioned is similar with H and Cl; 
with Cl and HO, HS, HI, KO, KS, KI, we have a chloride 
