520 Geological Society: Anniversary Address, 1843. 
ence which is strengthened by the finer-grained adjacent and regu- 
larly-bedded varieties of the sandstone containing similar minutely 
triturated, igneous materials. At the same time it is certain, that the 
great upheavals of the syenite and trappean rocks took place long 
after the deposition of the Silurian strata, and even after that of the 
old red sandstone and coal-measures, which at various points along 
this ridge, and particularly at the Abberley Hills, have been violently 
dislocated in contact with such intrusive rocks. The discovery on 
the west of the Malverns is, however, analogous to what has been 
observed along the flanks of the granitic axes in the Highlands of 
Scotland (Ord of Caithness, &c.), where fragments of rocks derived 
from them are imbedded in the old red sandstone conglomerates, 
thus showing an original crystalline nucleus, followed by other gra- 
nitic eruptions. The Isle of Arran offers proof of such a period 
of activity, which it has been inferred, was posterior to the conti- 
guous red conglomerate, in which no granitic fragments are im- 
bedded. 
When he pursues his researches to the northern parts -of the 
Silurian region, Mr. Phillips will then see, on the flanks of the 
Breidden Hills, evidences nearly analogous to those which he has 
so well described in the Malvern Hills, and where it has been 
shown, that along a very ancient fissure of eruption, molten matter 
was consolidated before the existence of the Silurian rocks ; that 
other eruptions followed, and were in continuous activity during 
the formation of the Lower Silurian strata; that again other up- 
heavals took place by the rise of intrusive trap, which threw the 
previously-formed contemporaneous plutonic deposits upon their 
edges; that the coal-measures deposited unconformably on such 
uplifted strata were afterwards deranged ; and finally, that along the 
very same line of eruption, igneous matter, undistinguishable in 
mineral composition from that which had affected the ancient rocks, 
has cut its way in irregular dykes through the new red sandstone, 
and, from the isolation of a deposit of lias, was probably ejecte 
subsequent to the accumulation of that deposit*. , 
Such facts are, it seems to me, miniature counterparts of the up- 
raising at successive periods of mountain chains; and the grand 
phzenomena of the Caucasus, the Alps, and the Pyrenees may nearly 
all be studied in our small English ridges, and some of them pecu- 
liariy well upon the flanks of the Malverns, and their continuation 
the Abberley Hills. 
In the sequel I shall have occasion to speak of other important 
researches of Mr. Phillips. For the present, then, I take leave of 
the Ordnance Geological Survey, assuring this Society, that having 
during the past year, for the first time, seen the practical application 
of the admirable method of field-survey which has been instituted 
by Sir Henry De la Beche, I am convinced that it will not only act 
directly as a great national benefit, in making more correctly known 
the structure of the subsoil, in a manner beyond the reach of private 
* See Silurian System, p, 294. 
