Newfoundland—North America. 547 
impassable to the casual traveller, and the coasts of which are of 
very difficult access. He deserves, therefore, so much the more our 
thanks for having pioneered the way under many difficulties, and 
for giving us this outline reconnaissance of the geological structure 
of a colony, to become well acquainted with which will require 
elaborate surveys, conducted by those who have previously made 
themselves masters of the keystones of succession in the adjacent 
continent. When, therefore, the true geological equivalents of 
Canada and Nova Scotia shall have been thoroughly established by 
the researches of Mr. Logan, and placed in exact relation to the 
well-developed rocks of the United States, the obscurity which 
shrouds Newfoundland may be dispelled*. 
Secondary and Tertiary Rocks, and superficial deposits of North 
America.—In my Address of last year I had no hesitation in pre- 
dicting, that geologists would reap great instruction from the visit 
of Mr. Lyell to the United States. The earlier sketches which he 
sent to us, including accounts of the Paleozoic rocks, might be taken, 
indeed, as some earnest of what was to follow, and as we are 
well acquainted with his powers of generalizing and habits of 
faithful research, we could not well over-estimate the amount of 
production at his hands. The documents which he has laid before 
you have fully justified our anticipations. One of his memoirs, on 
the Tertiary formations and their connexion with the chalk in Vir- 
ginia, North and South Carolina, and other parts of the United 
States, has a very important bearing in showing the amount of 
agreement of those deposits with the strata of similar age in Europe. 
Noticing with due approbation the works of Professors W. B. and 
H. D. Rogers and Mr. Conrad, on the Tertiary rocks of Virginia, 
he shows, that certain deposits above the chalk are of true Eocene 
character, and never contain Secondary fossils or any forms inter- 
mediate between the newer Secondary and older Tertiary types. 
These Eocene beds are surmounted by rich shelly deposits, the con- 
tents of which bear a great generic resemblance to those of the 
Suffolk crag and the Faluns of Touraine, and are therefore reter- 
able to the Miocene epoch. 
In North Carolina, black shales, first described by Mr. Hodge, 
are shown to be of the cretaceous age by containing Belemnites, 
Exogyre, Grypheze and Ostraew, a few of the species being well 
known in Europe, and found by myself in the distant parts of 
Russia. This cretaceous deposit is covered by a peculiar calca- 
reous rock, the Wilmington limestone and conglomerate, which had 
been termed Upper Secondary, and supposed to indicate a passage 
from the Secondary to the Tertiary periods, but in which Mr. Lyell 
could detect no organic remains to support that opinion, the only 
* I regret that I accidentally omitted to call attention in my last Address 
to a short memoir, read during the preceding session by Mr. Henwood, 
upon the Silurian Rocks of Lockport near Niagara, Having long been 
assiduously occupied in his native county Cornwall in studying the mineral- 
ization of rocks, Mr. Henwood is, I understand, about to publish a work on 
the metalliferous deposits of Cornwall and Devon. 
