Geological Society. 511 



Minor. The country traversed by Mr. Hamilton is also intersected 

 by numerous hills, some of which exceed 1200 feet in height. The 

 lake of Maniyas is another marked feature in the district. The for- 

 mations of which the country is composed, are, — 1, schistose rocks 

 with saccharine marble ; 2, compact limestone resembling the scaWia 

 of Italy and Greece; 3, tertiary sandstones; 4, tertiary limeston'es ; 

 5, granite; 6, peperite ; 7, trachyte; 8, basalt. Between Kespit 

 and the Demirji chain is a deposit of white marl, which Mr. Ha- 

 milton is of opinion, was accumulated in an ancient lake drained 

 by some of the igneous operations which dislocated the horizontal 

 tertiary limestone, and formed the traverses in the high hills between 

 Kespit and Susugerli. 



1 . The schists are composed of gneiss, mica slate, and clay slate, and 

 they are associated with crj^stalline limestone. Argillaceous schists 

 and marble occur between Cyzicus and Erdek ; and thickly wooded 

 hills, ] 000 feet in height, which rise abruptly from the shore of the 

 sea of Marmara, are capped by a fine marble. A Httle further 

 eastward are extensive quarries of the same stone, to which Cy- 

 zicus was partly indebted for having been ranked amon"- the 

 most splendid cities of antiquity. The limestone is interstratified 

 with indurated marls and shales of various colours ; the whole dip- 

 ping from 70° to 80° S.E. by S. : and near Erdek S.W., or in each 

 instance from the granitic nucleus of Cyzicus. Similar schists occur 

 in the Demirji range, and in the Katakekaumene, associated with 

 limestone. 



Between the 33rd and 34th miles from Simaul towards Koola, is 

 a low ridge of hills of saccharine limestone, rising above the plateau 

 of horizontal limestone, and belonging to the same formation as the 

 hills about Koola. In the Katakekaumene, the older system of vol- 

 canic cones is situated on these schists, and the newer in the ad- 

 jacent alluvial plains, an important distinction accounted for in the 

 description of that district. 



2. Compact Limestone resembling the scaglia of Italy and Greece 

 occurs only south of the lake of Maniyas, and at the foot of the range 

 of hills near the town of the same name. It is associated with beds of 

 shale. A micaceous sandstone, which forms a range of broken and 

 water- worn hills between Miilverkieui and the valley of the Susugerli 

 or Macestus, is considered by Mr. Hamilton, to be perhaps of the age 

 of this limestone, as well as the high and broken range of hills be- 

 tween Ildij and Kespit. 



3. Tertiary Sandstones. — This formation is very extensively deve- 

 loped, and consists of micaceous sandstones, sands, marls, and shales. 

 No organic remains were noticed in it by tlie author. It ranges 

 southward from the village of Susugerli for about two miles. At the 

 eastern extremity of the Demirji chain, where it was traversed by 

 Mr. Hamilton, thinly laminated micaceous sandstone rests against 

 the granitic nucleus, and extends tlience to the South for nine 

 miles. Tills formation is alsDcxliiljiteil alxiut 1(1 miles friim Simaul, 

 underlying irregularly and conformably the i)ei)erite, and at the 18th 

 mile the junction between the ijejjcrite and the sandstone is well ex- 



