512 Geological Society. 



hibited. The lower volcanic beds are contorted, and consist of large 

 masses and boulders of primary, igneous, and scoriaceous rocks ; the 

 beds, however, gradually become finer in the ascending order, and 

 nearly horizontal in their position. In the sandstone the author 

 noticed no fragments of volcanic matter. At the 19th mile, how- 

 ever, there appears to be a gradual passage or interstratification be- 

 tween the upper beds of the sandstone and the lower beds of the 

 peperite. The sandstone and peperite extend along the valley of 

 the Selendichai, and the former constitutes the hills between the 

 valleys of the Selendi and the Hermus, and is capped by the white 

 limestone. The beds throughout the country are nearly horizontal, 

 except where they have been disturbed by igneous rocks. 



4. Tertiary Limestotie. This deposit Mr. Hamilton considers as 

 belonging to the great lacustrine formation which occupies so large 

 a portion of Asia Minor, but within the range of country described 

 in this paper, it appears to be destitute of organic remains. It pre- 

 sents table lands composed of beds of white, compact, or thinly la- 

 minated limestone resembling chalk, and sometimes containing no- 

 dules of opaq\ie white flints, and sometimes extensive beds of tabular 

 flint. Near Kespit it is chalkj% as well as 8 miles further south. It 

 forms the hill on which stands the castle of Bogaditza, at the south- 

 eastern extremity of the plain of the same name. South of theDe- 

 mirji chain, and about eleven miles from Simaul, a white limestone 

 ovei'lies peperite, and a few miles further, rests upon trachyte. About 

 the 1 9th mile, trachytic conglomerate overlies horizontal beds of white 

 marl irregularly associated with beds of quartz pebbles. Between the 

 valleys of the Selendi and the Hermus white limestone rests upon 

 the micaceous sandstone, the volcanic products having thinned out. 

 About the 35tli mile, in the bottom of a ravine, Mr. Hamilton 

 noticed the following section : 



Lowest part, gravel and loose beds of sand .... 30 feet. 



Alternations of marls and sands, the former pre- ] on i 

 dominating in the upper part j 



White marl 5 to 6. 



Mr. Hamilton believes that the last bed passes into the white lime- 

 stone. The hill above the ravine is capped by basalt in some places 100 

 feet thick, but a stratum of sand is occasionally interspersed between 

 the limestone and the basalt. South of the Hei-mus an insulated 

 patch of limestone is also overlaid by basalt, and around its base are 

 lava streams which have flowed from the volcanic cones near Koola. 

 The lower part of this patch of limestone is converted into a yellow 

 jasper-looking substance, with a bright conchoidal fracture. 



5. Granite occurs near Cyzicus, where it is a finely grained, gray 

 rock, which decomposes rapidly ; but it contains large masses of 

 hornblende, and is sometimes traversed by veins of felspar. It throws 

 off the adjacent schistose rocks, which dip from it in opposite di- 

 rections. Granite apparently forms also the axis of the Demirji 

 range. 



G. Peperite. — This deposit is extensively developed in many parts 

 of Asia Minor. It is distinctly stratified, but it has sometimes a 



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