230 Geological Society. 



table remains; also quartz pebbles, similar to those which abound in 

 " the pudding-stone," a deposit between the carboniferous limestone 

 and the old red sandstone, and which attains a considerable eleva- 

 tion in the adjoining hills. The sandstone also encloses concre- 

 tions of highly indurated, ferruginous sandstone, scattered irregu- 

 larl)' throughout its mass ; and angular fragments of obliterated casts 

 of vegetable remains, formed likewise of highly indurated sand- 

 stone. 



The coal under the lows is generally mixed with particles of the 

 sandstone of the roof; but it contains no boulders, angular frag- 

 ments, or pebbles, as asserted by some observers ; the supposed 

 boulders and fragments being, Mr. Buddie observes, the concre- 

 tions and vegetable remains of the roof, alluded to in the preceding 

 paragraph. 



The fall of the Horse conforms to that of the strata or S. 31° E., 

 but whether the " fault " rises with the seam of coal to the outcrop 

 on the S.E. side of the basin, remains to be proved. In the trans- 

 verse section, the bed of the Horse is neai'ly horizontal. 



There are no indications on the surface by which the Horse can 

 be traced beyond the limits explored under ground ; and whether 

 it produces any change in the overlying seams, can be determined 

 only by future works. Mr. Buddie infers, that it does not descend 

 any lower than the Coleford High Delf seam, in consequence of the 

 evenness of the floor, and the entire absence in it of sandstone. 



In its underground characters, the Horse is similar to the " washes" 

 or aqueous deposits in many coal-fields, but it differs in not under- 

 lying a river bed, or being in the bottom of a vallej^ and in not 

 extending to the surface. In the Newcastle coal-field all the "washes" 

 cut through the whole of the strata, from the surface to that on 

 which the wash reposes. 



In the workings of the Park End Colliery in Park End High Delf 

 seam, which is situated 50 fathoms higher in the series than the 

 Coleford High Delf, and two miles to the S.E. of the point to which 

 the Horse has been traced, a great succession of " lows " has been 

 found in crossing the line of the Horse, but no fault corresponding 

 with the Horse. The coal is deteriorated in the same manner as in 

 the Coleford seam. This colliery is situated beyond the centre of 

 the basin, and where the strata rise in the opposite direction. Fu- 

 ture workings alone can determine if there be any connexion be- 

 tween the Horse and these " lows. " 



In the direction of the Horse there is also an extraordinary oval 

 depression of the Coleford High Delf, the centre of the seam 

 being 20 feet below the ordinary level; and it remains to be 

 proved if the Horse presents the same characters under the de- 

 pression as elsewhere. 



From the phaenomena exhibited by the Horse and the adjacent 

 coal-seam, Mr. Buddie is of opinion, that the fault and seam occupy 

 the site of a lake, which existed during the deposition of the latter, 

 and that the carbonaceous matter, whicli forms the selam, was 

 accumulated while the water was deep and tranquil ; that the undula- 



