Oils qfAnisCi Fennel^ and Bergamot. 283 



forms an acid whose formula is C'^ H'* 0« ; the silver salt is 

 Q\fi H'-'O' + AgO. With concentrated nitric acid the ani- 

 sonitric acid is formed, C'« H'- O^ (N- O^) ; its silver salt, 

 C"^ H"' O' (N- O^) + Ag O. [I may here remark that these 

 two acids were prepared independently, in the beginning of 

 last Slimmer, by Dr. Weltzien, in Prof. Mitscherlich's labora- 

 tory : we may probably in a short time expect a better ac- 

 count of them than the above. — H. C] 



Anise oil gives with hydrated sulphuric acid a crystalline 

 compound, with fuming sulphuric acid a peculiar acid, whose 

 baryta salt is soluble. 



Oil of fennel consists of two oils ; the solid oil has the same 

 formula as the solid oil of anise ; the fluid oil has the formula 

 of oil of turpentine: the latter combines with binoxide of 

 nitrogen and forms a crystalline compound, C'^H-^N-O*. 



Oil of Bergamot. 

 Oil of bergamot (from the fruit of Citrus bergamia) has 

 been examined by MM. Soubeiran and Capitaine. The oil 

 was distilled with water and dried with chloride of calcium ; 

 its specific gravity was 0*869 ; it refracted the polarized ray 

 25°. It was again distilled with water and the product col- 

 lected in four portions : the first refracted 45°, the second 

 38°, the third 21°, and the fourth not at all. Oil of berga- 

 mot must therefore consist of at least two oils. Ohm found 

 that oil of bergamot contained 7'098 per cent, oxygen; and 

 he considers it as a hydrate of lemon oil, 3 (C'^ H"*) + 2 H-O ; 

 according to MM. Soubeiran and Capitaine, the fractionated 

 portions have different compositions ; the oxygen varies from 

 3*37 to 16* 14-. By the action of anhydrous phosphoric acid 

 an oil is obtained which has the same composition as citron 

 and lemon oil : this body combines with hydrochloric acid 

 gas. The camphor appears to have the usual formula. By 

 the action of the phosphoric acid on the impure oil a peculiar 

 acid is produced (acide phospho-bergamique), which forms 

 soluble salts with lime and oxide of lead. [Annalen der Phar- 

 macies xxxvi.) 



Crystallized Substance in Gtiarana. 

 MM. Martins, Berthemot and Deschastelus have ex- 

 amined the crystallized substance contained in " guarana ;" 

 the nature of guarana was for a long time doubtful, until 

 Martins showed that it was a paste made of the fruit of a 

 tree — Patdliniu sorbilis, Mart. The guaranin is contained 

 in it in combination with tannic acid, and it appears that the 

 so-called guaranin is identical with caffein. As it has al- 

 ready been shown that thein is also identical with caffein, we 



