Dr. Kane's Elemetits of Chemistry. SOS 



Cliapter III. — Of Heat considered as characterizing Chemicai 

 Substances. 



Sect. I. Of Expansion. — Repulsive power of heat. Influence of co- 

 hesion on expansion. Of the measure of heat. Nature of tem|)erature. 

 Construction and use of air-thermometers. Mercurial thermometer, its 

 principle of correction. Determination of the standard interval. Con- 

 struction of the various thermometric scales. Estimation of tempera- 

 tures above the boiling point of mercury. Daniell's pyrometer. Nobili's 

 thermo-multiplier. Table of temperatures. Expansion of air. Results 

 obtained by Dalton, Gay-Lussac, and Dulong and Petit. Rudberg's cor- 

 rection of them. Correction of volumes for change of temperature. De- 

 termination of the expansion of liquids. Expansibility of liquids changes 

 with the temperature. Determination of the expansion of solids. Ex- 

 pansibility of solids increases with the temperature : exceptions to this 

 rule. Effects of the expansion of compound metallic bars. Metallic 

 thermometer of Breguet. Compound pendulum. 



Sect. II. Of Specific Heat. — Method of mixtures. Process of Dulong 

 and Petit. Researches of Lavoisier and Laplace. Calorimeter. Relation 

 of specific heat and chemical constitution. Specific heats of atoms. 

 Heat by chemical combination. Determination of the specific heats of 



Sect. III. Of Liquefaction. — Latent heat. Absorption of heat during 

 liquefaction. Heat evolved in solidifying. Cold by liquefaction. Arti- 

 ficial cold produced by frigorific mixtures. Nature of special heat. 



Sect. IV. Of Vaporization. — Latent heat of vapours. Vaporization 

 accompanied by great increase of volume. Determination of the elasti- 

 cities of vapours. Relations of vapours to temperature and pressure. 

 Nature of the boiling point. Alterations of the boiling point with the 

 superincumbent pressure, and the nature of the vessel. Apparent anoma- 

 lous property of liquids. Sum of latent and sensible heat constant. 

 Artificial cold produced by the evaporation of liquids. Spontaneous 

 evaporation. Gases and vapours offer no resistance to each other's elasti- 

 city. Correction for moisture. Hygrometers. Moist bulb-hygrometer. 

 Daniell's hygrometer. Analogy of solution to vaporization. Steam as a 

 moving power. Similarity of constitution of gases and vapours. Specu- 

 lation on the boiling points of the condensed gases. 



Sect. V. Of the Transmission of Heat through Bodies. — Conduction of 

 heat. Relative conducting power of solids and liquids. Communication 

 of heat by gases. Communication of heat by diffusion and radiation. 

 Properties of radiant heat. Of the radiating, absorbing, and reflecting 

 powers of bodies. Researches of Melloni and Forbes on radiant heat. 

 Reflecting power of bodies as determined by Buff. Permeability of bodies 

 to heat from sources of different temperatures. Analogy of heat to co- 

 loured light. Polarization of heat. Relations between the physical con- 

 stitutions of heat and light. Change of ref'rangibility of heat. 



Sect. VI. Of the Cooling of Bodies. — Equilibrium of temperature. Theory 

 of dew and frost. Sources of terrestrial heat. Central heat of the Earth. 



Chapter IV. — Of Electricity considered as characterizing Che- 

 mical Substances. Nature of electricity. Statical and dynamical elec- 

 tricity. 



Sect. I. Of Statical Electricity. — Electricity produced by friction. 

 Conductors and insulators. Relative conducting powers. Velocity of 

 motion of electricity. Distribution of electricity. Opposite conditions 

 of excitation. Gold-leaf electroscope. Electrical attractions and repulsions, 

 Neutratiz.ation of op|)osite electricities. Law of electrical attractions. 

 Theories of elcctricitv. Theory of two fluitis. Theory of one fluid. 

 Phil. Mag. is. 3.' Vol. 18. No. 117. /Ipil 1841. X 



