Geological Society. 3 1 3 



siliceous limestone. The low hills near the shore, and on which the 

 ruins of Halicarnassus stand, are composed of horizontal beds of 

 volcanic sand and trachytic conglomerate, formed chiefly of angular 

 fragments of brown porphyritic trachyte. Five or six miles to the 

 south-west of Boodroom is the conical hill of Chifoot-Kaleh, 1000 

 feet high. It consists entirely of reddish trachyte ; and all the coun- 

 try between it and Boodroom is composed of trachyte or trachytic 

 conglomerates. The hills to the west of Chifoot-Kaleh are also tra- 

 chytic, with indications of columnar structure. Trachyte likewise 

 forms part, if not all, the promontory of Karabaghla, and the islets 

 to the westward of it. The north-east dip of the limestone of Bood- 

 room, Mr. Hamilton thinks, may be OM'ing to the protrusion of the 

 igneous rocks of Karabaghla and Chifoot-Kaleh. The shore 

 abounded in one place with pebbles of pumice. 



6. Cnidus is situated near the extremity of Cape Krio, the west- 

 ern end of the south shore of the Gulf of Cos. The M'hole peninsula 

 is formed of blue semi-crystalline limestone, shale and sandstone, 

 the strata dipping near the extremity of the promontory 45° to the 

 south-west, but increasing to a higher angle towards the east-north- 

 east. 



The following is given by Mr. Hamilton as the general structure 

 of the country : — 



Summit of the peninsula towards the west, thin-bedded calcareous 

 shale and blue limestone, thickly bedded and cavernous. Eastward 

 of the ruins, it is in some places interstratified with a hard greenish 

 sandstone, resembling graywacke. The sides of the hills are oc- 

 casionally obscured, by a loose limestone breccia of more modern 

 origin. 



The hills rise rapidly towards the east and north-east, and at the 

 distance of two miles exceed 2000 feet in height. Their summit is 

 a narrow ridge, a quarter of a mile in length from north-west to 

 south-east, and consists of laminated calcareous shales, dipping 45° 

 to the south-west. These shales present a very steep escarpment 

 towards the north-east, but are overlaid towards the south-Avest by 

 the blue limestone. 



7. Island mid shores of the Gulf of Syme. — The Gulf of Syme is 

 separated from that of Cos by a narrow isthmus. The island^ is an 

 uniform mass of grayish-white compact scaglia, with occasional 

 bands and nodules of siliceous limestone. In some places the lime- 

 stone is thickly bedded, but in others thinly, with way-boards of 

 marl ; and in one locality it was observed to rest on greenish sand- 

 stone. The thinner-bedded variety is sometimes reddish, and re- 

 sembles the limestone of Mount Atairo, in the island of Rhodes. 

 The strata are occasionally horizontal ; but on the brow of the high 

 table-land above the town of Syme and in other districts they are 

 inclined from 30^ to 35° to the north and north-north-west ; and 

 beyond the liarbour of I'anermiotis '20° to the south and south-south- 

 ea.st. Mr. Hamilton found no organic remains in the island. 



The southern shore; of the Gidf consists of the same wliitish com- 

 pact scaglia, with nodules of Hint and jasper. Some portions of it are 



