on the Evidences of Glaciers in Scotland and England. 575 



ling, to Edinburgh ; and in England by Berwick, Wollar, the Che- 

 viots, Penrith, and Shap Fell, to Lancashire and Cheshire. 



Moraine near Dumfries. — The picturesque ravine of CrickhopeLinn, 

 about two miles north of Closeburn, and one mile east of Thornhill, in- 

 tersects nearly horizontal strata of new red sandstone, and is traversed 

 by the Dolland rivulet. On emerging from the upper end of the ra- 

 vine a long terminal moraine is ^dsible, stretching nearly across the 

 mountain valley, from which the Dolland Burn descends to fall into 

 Crickhope Linn ; and it resembles, when viewed from a distance, a 

 vallum of an ancient camp, being covered with turf. It is formed 

 principally of an unstratified mass of rolled pebbles, derived from the 

 slates of the adjacent Lowder Hills, with a few rounded fragments 

 of granite, the nearest rock of which in situ is that of Loch Doon, in 

 Galloway, thirtj' miles to the north-west. Its height varies from 

 twenty to thirty feet ; its breadth at the base is about one hundred 

 feet, and its length is four hundred yards. At the southern extre- 

 mity it is traversed by the Dolland rivulet, and at the northern by 

 the Crickhope Water ; and in the centre it is intersected by a road. 



Moraines in Aberdeenshire. — Dr. Buckland considers the gravel and 

 sand which cover the greater part of the granite table-land from Aber- 

 deen to Stonehaven to be the detritus of moraines ; and the large 

 insulated tumuli and tortuous ridges of gravel, occupying one hun- 

 dred acres, near Forden, a mile east of Achinbald, to be terminal 

 moraines ; also the blocks, large pebbles, and small gravel spread 

 over the first level portions of the valley of the North Esk, after 

 emerging from the Sub-Grampians, to be the residue of moraines 

 re-arranged by water. 



Moraines in Forfarshire. — The cones and ridges of gravel at Cor- 

 tachy and Piersie, near Kirriemuir, and at the confluence of the 

 Carity valley with that of the Proson, are considered by Dr. Buck- 

 land to have been produced by glaciers, and modified in part subse- 

 quently by water. The polish and strise on a porphyritic rock near 

 the summit of the hill, on the left side of the main valley, and im- 

 mediately above the moraines, he is of opinion must also be assigned 

 to glacier action. The vast longitudinal and insvdated ridges of 

 gravel, extending for two or three miles up the valley east of Blair 

 Gowrie, and the transverse baniers forming a succession of small 

 lakes in the valley of the Lunanburn, to the west of that town, he 

 considers to be moraines ; likewise the loft)' mounds comprising 

 the ornamental grounds adjacent to Dunkeld Castle ; the detritus 

 covering the left flank of the valley of the Tay, along a great part 

 of the road from Dunkeld to Logierait ; that on the left flank of the 

 Tumel valley from Logierait to Killicrankie ; and on the left flank 

 of the Garrie, from Killicrankie to Blair Athol. 



The vast congeries of gravel and boulders on the shoulder of the 

 mountain, exactly opposite the gorge of the Tumel, Dr. Buckland 

 is of opinion was lodged there by glaciers which descended the late- 

 ral vallej' of the Tumel from the north side of Schichalhon and the 

 adjacent mountains, and were forced across the valley of the Garry, 

 in the same manner as modern glaciers of the Alps (that of the Val 



