184 PROVEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxxvi. 



referred to M. echinati/s by de Loriol." Therefore a strict observance 

 of the rule of priority might seem to require us to transfer the name 

 ^^ Eno'liias"'' to the crinoichd remains which we have for three-quar- 

 ters of a century ignorantly been calling Millerierinus^ and to relegate 

 to obscurity our still older acquaintance, E. Uliiformh, nntil some one 

 introduces it to us afresh nnder a new name. 



But if we hold that Andrea^'s name was applied to unrecognizable 

 fragments, and for that reason is not valid, our troubles over Encrinvs 

 are not ended. The name was used by Blumenbach in 1779 in the 

 tirst edition of his " Handbuch der Naturgeschichte,-' page 485. in a 

 strictly binomial sense, for a genus with three species, arranged as 

 follows : 

 Encrinus: 



(1) asteiia (Linnaeus, after Guettard). 



(2) mylil (based on Mylius' Greenland specimen — a Pennatulid). 



(3) holteuii (based on Boltenius — an Ascidian.) 



• Here the name is taken out of the domain of Pakeontologv and 

 applied to a recent crinoid — the type species being Guettard's famous 

 Palmier vKir'iii of Boisjourdain. best known in literature as '" Pentd- 

 crinu.s" <■<( piit-niedasd', or in present nomenclature as jHocrhiKS 

 asteria Linna'us. 



In the third edition, 1788. Bhnnenbach again gives the genus En- 

 crbius with afitcria as the tirst species; and in 1801 Lamarck, the 

 generally accepted father of Enrtiiuus as now^ connnonly known, in 

 the first edition of his '' Systeme des Animaux sans Vertebres," p. 

 370, recorded the genus as follows: 

 Encrinus : 



(1) (■apiit-nu'(h(S<(' {=/,sls (i.stcr'ut Linnaais.) 



(2) lUiifor/tiis. 



No, 2 of Blumenbach was made the type of a new genus — UmbeUit- 

 laria, and in 181() Savigny '' made Blumenbach's species No. 3 the 

 type of another genus, Boltciiia. Thus by the year 1810 Encriniis 

 was definitely restricted, by the removal of two of its original three 

 species, to the group with asteriu as the type. If Blumenbach's 

 name is to stand, the subsequent references of custej'ki to Pentacrinus 

 and hocrhius are invalid, and the reference by Lamarck of liUifor- 

 Tnis to EncHnus must likewise fall to the ground. According to the 

 rules it will have to stand, unless theretofore validly applied to some- 

 thing else; and unless it has been so applied, rtliiforinis can not stand 

 imdf^r it. 



" Criu. tie la Suisse, p. 75. 



* Mem. sur les Aniiuanx sans Vertel)res, p. 140. 



