NO. 1GS7. Tin: TliniiAX OF /.V.S7;r7'.S'— .S'.VO/K/AM-S/sf. 547 



^piciious by the long hairs upon it. (As typical examples see ()0-63, 

 185, 180, 188, 200, Tfj). In the Diptera,' Hynienoptera, and Lepi- 

 doptera the tegula is highly developed in the niesothorax as a large 

 scale-like lobe overlapping the base of the wing, (Diptera, 210, 212; 

 llynienoptera, 205, 20(5; Lepidoptera, 140, 150, 202). In the Lepi- 

 doptera the tegula is so large (hut it is supported b}^ a special plate 

 of the niesonotuni (150, 15G, t(j), which in turn is supported b}^ a 

 large tegular arm (153, 154, t(/A) from the base of the pleural wing 

 lU'ocess ( ]VP) . 



The teguhie of the Lepidoptera nuist not be confounded with the 

 jxttayki which occur in some families of this order. The ■patagia 

 are large thin lobes developed on the pronotum and are specially well 

 developed in such genera as Ayrotis and Geometra. They are simj^ly 

 thin expansions of the pronotum. In AgrauUs they may be seen in 

 an intermediate conditiim. 



Lowne (1892) uses the term " epaulet ■' for the tegula of the blow- 

 fly. He says that it does not correspond with the tegula of the 

 Plymenoptera. They certainl}^ have identical situations on the Aving 

 base, however, and it is hard to see hoAV they could be independent 

 organs. LoAvne's objection is based on the relative position of the 

 anterior spiracle, but the spiracle belongs to the pleurum and its 

 l)Osition in the two orders is ditferent on account of the ditferent 

 modifications of the pleurites. It is the spiracle that is shifted and 

 not the tegula. 



The first axillary (i, 1 Ax^ transrerse sJiadiny). — This sclerite is 

 supported by the anterior notal wing ])rocess (^LA'/*) and can readily 

 be determined b}^ this connection. It consists of a flattened body 

 articulating externally Avith the second axillary, and of a curA^ed 

 anterior neck Avhich abuts against the head of the costal vein {C). 

 In some cases the neck is absent and then the first axillary is sepa- 

 rated from the costa. Sometimes, as in a few Orthoptera, the neck 

 is detached from the body and appears as au independent sclerite. 



llie second axillary (J, % Ax^ ohliqnc uiibi'ok-en shadlruj). — This 

 is the pivotal sclerite of the Aving base, that is, the one by means of 

 which the Aving rests and turns upon the Aving process of the pleurum 

 (text fig. G) . The articulation is generall}- by means of a large A^entral 

 process of the axillarA^ Avhich fits against an articular surface on the 

 j^osterior side of the Aving process. The dorsal surface of this sclerite 

 articulates by a long ridge Avith the outer edge of the first. Its an- 

 terior end is usually associated Avith the head of the radial vein of 

 the Aving (/?), being either fused Avith it or contiguous to it (text figs. 

 1, 5). There is generally a large muscle disk attached by a ligament 

 either directly to the posterior end of the second axillary (199, MD) 

 or to the axillary membrane near it. In an exceptional case {Cyllene 

 140) it is attached to a special process of the notum (o). The ven- 



