xo. IGST. THE THORAX OF 7\SlECTS!—l^X0DaRAf^S. 555 



(8) tV'Hi<(>i'. \\\ of these but (5) are attached to the sclerites of the 

 ])leiirimi and all but (S) are inserted upon the base of the wing either 

 directly or by long tendons. (r») arises from a process of the notuni, 

 winle (8) is inserted not npon the wing base but upon neighboring 

 ])lates of the nolum. 



IV. OUTITOl'TKRA. 



Spccief^ studied. — Spodromantlx f/^ittata (S-i, 25, 2G, 27, 28, 80, 

 wings ()1, f)2), Mantid nymph (34, 89), Mantidsc; Byrsotria fumi- 

 gata (29, 32, 38, 34), Uelinoptcrahyfd'ma (85, 30), 87), Blatella (jer- 

 inanica (88, 40, Aving bases 185, 180), Cockroach wing, diagrammatic 

 (()0), Blatti(he; J/iri'ocejifnini IdiirifoJiuni (8'.), 41, wings (58, (')4), 

 Anahrus simidex (42, 43), Locustida?; GryJhis pennsylvdnlcus (45-50, 

 Avings GG, G7, 188), Gryllotalpa horealis (wing G5), Gryllidoe Mehmo- 

 j)h(s femur-Tuhrum (51, 52), Melanophis nymph (55, 5G, 58), Ilipp'tK- 

 ci/s phoenicopterus (53, 54, 57), /^issosfcJra raroJuKf (70, 71, wing? 

 G8, G9, 187, 189), Aeridiida.' 



Characteristiefi. — 1, ]\Iicrothoi'acic sclerites of neck present in nearly 

 all species and often highly developed, consisting of ti^rgal, ])leural, 

 and sternal plates. 



A good example is ali'orded l)y Spodronuintis (juttata (24, 25). 

 The tergal plate is in this species a narrow U-shaped band (24) open 

 jiosteriorly, but the pleural plates are so large that they greatly en- 

 croach npon the dorsal surface of the neck. The pleurites form a 

 series of four sclerites on each side (25), the two of the third pair 

 meeting each other on the mid ventral line. Anterior to these are 

 tAvo transverse sternal plates. The submentinn (25, Sm) is clearly 

 supported. by the pleural and sternal microthoracic sclerites. 



The microthorax of Blattida^, as represented by Ischnoptera 

 ]iy(d't)i(i (8G, 87), is similar to that of the Mantid. Here, however, the 

 tergal sclerites have the more usual form of two narrow longitudinal 

 jolate (8G). In Gryllus (45) the sternal plates are broken up into 

 two transverse series of smaller sclerites. The labium (Xw) is here, 

 also, closely associated with the microthoracic plates. An(d>r\iH 

 shiiplex has only one plate on each side of the neck. In the Acridiidte 

 there is a chain of three small cervical sclerites (51, Mi) on each 

 side connecting the head with the prothorax. 



2. Pronotum in general shows a tendency to crowd out the pleurites 

 of its segment by a doAVUAvard groAvth on each side over pleural 

 regions. 



In the lower families this is less evident and in the Mantidaj (2G) 

 and Blattida^ (29) the pro])lenrum presents all the parts of any 

 complete generalized pleurum, namely, an episternnm {Eps)^ an 

 ephneriim [Epm). a ]">reepisternum (Peps), and a trochantin {T)i) 

 carrying the ventral coxal articulation {T71C), also a pleural suture 



