578 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxxvi. 



Postei^or notal ridge [PNR) . — The posterior marginal thickening 

 of the notiim, generally turned downward and forward in adult 

 insects so that it comes to lie in front of the resulting posterior edge, 

 the latter thus often forming a large posterior reduplication. 



Posterior notal wing process (PNP). — The posterior lateral proc- 

 ess on each side of the notum which articulates with the wing by the 

 fourth axillary or by the third when the fourth is absent. It is 

 sometimes a long arm, and in a few cases is absent as a distinct proc- 

 ess. Apophyse styloids Chabrier (1820). Apophyse de quatrieme 

 axillaire Straus-Diirckheim (1828). Great alar apophysis Lowne 

 (1892). Mesocondilo Berlese (1906). 



Posterior phragma (Pph). — See Postphragma. 



Posterior reduplication of the iiotum (Ed). — The posterior edge 

 of the notum folded downward and forward upon itself, leaving a 

 free margin overlapping the succeeding parts. Often very large, as 

 in the prothorax of Acridiida^ and mesothorax of Hemiptera. 



Postnotum (PiV). — See Pseudonotum. 



Postparaptera {3P, J^P). — See Epimeral paraptera. 



Postphragma {Pph). — The posterior phragma of any segment. 

 Specially developed in the meso- and metatergum, where it is car- 

 ried by the pseudonotum. It is developed to the greatest extent in 

 the mesothorax of the Diptera, where it forms the partition separat- 

 ing the thoracic cavity from the abdominal. (See Phragma.) 

 Internal part of the costal of Chabrier (1820). Phragm,a of pro- 

 thorax, metaphragma of metathorax, Kirby and vS pence (1826). 

 Postscutellum intenial Mac Leay (1830). Internal part of suhpost- 

 dorsum of Amans (1885). Internal part of phragma of Kolbe 

 (1889). Metaphragma and, in some cases, mesophragma Berlese 

 (1906). 



PostscutelluTn {PN). — See Pseudonotum. 



Poststernellum (Psl). — The fourth division of the sternum, if four 

 parts ever occur. Poststernum (apparently intended for postster- 

 nellum) Mac Leay (1830). Poststernellum Comstock and Kochi 

 (1902). 



P7'eepister?ium {Peps). — A pleural plate of some lower insects, 

 especially the Orthoptera and Euplexoptera, lying before the epi- 

 sternum, or below it when the pleural suture is horizontal. Kato- 

 pleure (except in Blattida?) Verhoeff (1903), Snodgrass (1908). 

 Episternal laterale Crampton (1909). 



Preparaptera (F, iP, 'HP). — See Episternal paraptera. 



Prephragma {Aph). — The anterior phragma of any tergum, car- 

 ried by the anterior notal ridge. Prmdorum or cloison cervicale 

 Chabrier (1820). Prophragma of mesothorax, mesophragma of 

 metathorax, Kirby and Spence (1826). Limbe de Veccusson in meso- 

 thorax, diaphrag?ne in metathorax, Straus-Diirckheim (1828). Prces- 



