PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 251 
with three or four alternate bars of orange and dusky olive, the mark- 
ing not very sharp. Pectorals similarly but more faintly marked, orange 
at base. Anal and ventrals colorless. Breast not blue or orange. 
A single specimen was obtained in Wolf Creek. 
This species bears little relationship to any of those referred to Paci- 
lichthys, in Jordan & Gilbert’s Synopsis of the Fishes of North America. 
It has, however, the technical characters of the genus in which we here 
place it. Its long, naked, tapering head is its most striking peculiarity. 
23. Etheostoma cumberlandicun, sp. nov. 
Closely related to 2.1 flabelare Raf., but with thicker head and differ- 
ent coloration. 
Head, 33; depth, 52. D. VIII,11. A.II,7. Lat. 1. 45, the tubes 
on 15 to 20 seales. Length, 23 inches. 
Body moderately elongate, somewhat compressed, the back little ele- 
vated. Head unusually thick and heavy, little tapering anteriorly, 
much stouter than in #. flabellare. Mouth terminal, very oblique, the 
lower jaw somewhat projecting. Eye about as long as snout, 44 in 
head, the maxillary extending nearly to below its middle. Teeth rather 
strong. Head, nape, and breast naked. Belly and region along dorsal 
with the scales small. 
Seales of body smoother than in ZL. flabellare, and more loosely imbri- 
cated, especially in the adult. Fins essentially as in other species, the 
dorsal spines low and subequal, lowest in the male, the flesh at their 
tips being thickened. Caudal large, rounded. Other fins moderate. 
Color in life greenish, semi-translucent, the body in the adult without 
trace of lines, cross-bars, or spots, excepting the large, black humeral 
spot; back with a few faint, dusty cross-shades. Young with tessellated 
spots, and numerous faint cross-bars, which are developed chiefly as a 
series of spots along the lateral line. A dark streak from eye through 
snout; a round, black spot behind eye. First dorsal translucent, 
abruptly edged with black, the free tips of the spines golden orange. 
Second dorsal obliquely barred with alternating bands of black and 
golden. Caudal pale, with about seven very sharply defined curved 
cross-bands of black. Pectorals olivaceous, scarcely barred, an orange 
bar at base. Ventrals and anal plain, slightly dusky. 
This little fish is excessively abundant in all the small streams of the 
Cumberland Mountains. Numerous examples were taken in Wolf 
Creek, Briar Creek, &c. Others were seen in the Clear Fork, Yellow 
Creek, Gap Creek, &c. In all these streams this is the most abundant 
of the Darters. 
It should, perhaps, be considered a local variety of E. flabellare, but 
a larger intermediate series is necessary before this view can be taken. 
INDIANA UNIVERSITY, June 4, 1883. 
