GUDE : ON HELIX FRVTICUM AND H. CARDUELIS. 169 



This may be rendered thus : " The fifth species agrees in the majority 

 of specimens with the description of Helix nemoraliH . . . Linne, in 

 u note appended to his Fn. S.N. 1294, regards this shell as a form 

 of H. nemoralis. It really deserves, however, on account of the 

 circumstaTices indicated, special rank, and it might be named Cochleam 

 ximbilkatum, etc., or even C. carduelem, the thistle snail." It will be 

 seen from the foregoing that in no sense can Schulze's paper be said 

 to comi)ly with the requirements of the rules of nomenclature. The 

 name carduelis, consequently, can only be regarded as dating from 

 1855, and must remain a synonym of II. fruticum, Miiller (1774). 



The German authors alluded to as having previously dealt with the 

 subject are : Adolph Schmidt, in Zeits. Gesammt. Naturw., viii, p. 121 

 et seq., 1856, who pronounces against II. {Vochlea) carduelis, Schulze, 

 unearthed by Iieibisch. L. Pfeitfer, in Malak. Bliitt. , iv, p. 78, 1857, 

 Avhen reviewing the preceding paper, states it is a doubtful case, but 

 subsequently, in Mon. Helic. Viv., iv, p. 2ol, 1859, he relegates 

 carduelis to the synonymy of H. fruticum. Ton Mart(!ns, in Nachr. 

 Blatt. Deuts. Malak. Ges., ii, p. 51, 1870, in dealing Avith the 

 literature of the ^lollusca of Geriiumy, enumerates, inter alia, 

 Keibisch's paper, and refers to carduelis., Schulze, 1770, adding in 

 brackets ("the well-known //-t^^/c/o/t "). 



VOL. XI. — SEPTEMBER, 1914. 12 



