254 PROCEEDINGS OF THK MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETT. 



islands. I have no record of any from the Faroe, nor is there any 

 species in Iceland. 



France. — Moquin-Tandon (39) in 1855 catalogued fourteen species 

 as inhabiting France, including two found only in Corsica. France 

 was not so large in 1894 as she was in 1855, but Locard (28) in 1894 

 enumerated ninety-six species of Claimliaivo\i\ France (not including 

 Corsica), besides four Nenia, without the slightest indication of any 

 varieties. A more hopeless wilderness of nomenclature was never 

 constructed. 



One group strange to Britain, Graciliaria, reaches its western limit 

 in East France [corynodes. Held). The group Lamellifera (Bourguignat's 

 Neniathmta, see p. 266) is peculiar to the south-west corner of the 

 Pyrenees. Papillifera is represented by two or three species in the far 

 south. P. leucoatigma, Rossm. (a Central and South Italian form), 

 occurs abundantly in the Arenes at Nimes, evidently introduced some 

 while ago. An Italian Belima {itala, Mts., var. punctata, Mich.), 

 according to Mergier, has passed the frontier, and is advancing 

 westward in Vaucluse. Except in the south, the whole fauna is 

 Is^orth European. 



Corsica possesses only three species, one peculiar {porroi, Pfr. = 

 meissneriana, Sh.) ; the other two are the ubiquitous lanmiata and 

 hidens. 



The Iherian Peninsula. — Hidalgo (23) has catalogued twelve species 

 in all from Spain and Portugal. Some of these are very doubtful. 

 A careful scrutiny gives five species to Spain and perhaps three to 

 Portugal, with one common to both. Cusmicia is the chief sub-genus. 

 Papillifera bidens occurs on the Eastern littoral, and is also the only 

 Clausilia in the Balearic Islands. Nobre (43) admits only two species 

 in his list of Portuguese land Mollusca. Clearly the climate and 

 soil of the peninsula are not favourable to the genus. 



Germany and Switzerland. — When we reach Germany the fauna at 

 once assumes a Central European character, which becomes more 

 marked the further south and east we go. Strigillaria, Fustdus (an 

 Alpine form), Erjavecia (in Bavaria), Graciliaria, and even Belima 

 now appear, the latter only in the Bohemian and Silesian mountains,' 

 where D. ornata, Zgl., is the only true Belima found north of the 

 Alps. Pirostoma has now seven species, Marpessa three. Half the 

 species, which number about twenty-five to thirty, are widely 

 distributed ; about a third are ' Eastern ' in origin. 



The Alps in the south effectually block the way for the spread of 

 any southern species, and the political distinction between Germany 

 and Austria is calmly ignored by the Mollusca, Bohemia being 

 essentially ' German ' and Silesia equally ' Austrian ' in character. 

 The presence of a Graciliaria {filograna, Zgl.) in the Harz Mountains, 

 of a Strigillaria (ca7ia, Held) as far north as Riigen, and of 

 rolphii, Gray, in the north-west only, are to be noted. The Prussian 

 Rhine provinces nourish a Clausilia fauna essentially northern in 

 character, and a list from this district by C. II. Boettger (2) scarcely 

 differs from a list from South Sweden. 



The Clausilia of Switzerland are, as would be expected, of a type 



