COOKE : ON THE GENUS CLAUSILIA. 257 



■which connects the true Transylvanian Alopia with the Hellenic 

 Giiicciardi, Roth, cannot be determined until more representatives 

 have been discovered in the intervening mountains." 



The chief points to notice in Bulgaria, Macedofiia, Servia, and 

 TarJ^ey are the occurrence of Idyla, a group which touches South 

 Hungary, Triloba (one species), and of Herilla. Pirostoma and 

 Cusmicia are rare or wanting, but Marpessa (three species), Alinda 

 (three), Fseudali7ida {two), and Strigillaria (two) are still represented. 

 East Servia has the peculiar sub-genus Carinigera, which shows 

 relationship on the one side to Cristataria, on the other to Papillifera. 

 The whole district will repay further exploration. 



Greece and the Islands. — Characteristic of the Levant, and more 

 particularly of the Greek islands, in which it finds its metropolis, 

 is the section Alhinaria. 0. Boettger, in his well-known monograpli 

 (4), enumerates seventy-two species, ranging from (possibly) South 

 Dalmatia to Cyprus, with outliers in Lampedusa to the west, and 

 even in the Lebanon to the east. He remarks with joy that the 

 school of Bourguignat has not yet made any incursion into Grseco- 

 Asiatic Clausilice; but that recently M. Letourneux returned from an 

 expedition to the island of Santorin with three new Albinaria, all 

 of which he (Boettger) promptly reduced to mere form or colour 

 varieties of the common ccerulea, Fer. 



The section stands almost alone in Europe in the singularly restricted 

 range of a large number of its species. Thus Crete has more than 

 thirty species, all peculiar ; Rhodes, Anaphi, and Skyro each possess 

 their peculiar species ; while another group is markedly characteristic 

 of the Ionian Islands and the adjacent mainland. On the other 

 hand, on the mainland, and even on the islands, certain species have 

 a wider range, ccerulea, Fer., e.g., occurring on almost every island 

 of the Cyclades, and on Euboea. Some species, particularly of the 

 island groups, can be regarded with more or less certainty as derived 

 from an original form still existent : thus ccerulea in the eastern islands 

 and navosa in the western have probably given birth to races whose 

 isolation has in time caused them to develop into what we now feel 

 justified in calling distinct species. 



Crete stands alone, and is almost isolated : its relation to the 

 Cyclades is slight, with Asia Minor perceptible, with the Morea 

 absolutely none. 



Alhinaria, especially in Crete, is a rock group, and is distributed 

 by the mountains ; Papillifera is more characteristic of the plains and 

 low hills, which limit the range of Albinaria. 



Northern Greece is distinguished by a rich development of the 

 East European and Asia Minor sub-genus Oligoptychia, and by special 

 groups of Papillifera and Delima. Two forms of Agathylla, a section 

 essentially Dalmatian, occur, incohata, Bttg., in Epirus, and albicosta, 

 Bttg., in Macedonia. Medora is wanting. The sub-genus Olympia, 

 with its single species olympica, Friv., is peculiar to Mount Olympus. 

 A single Alopia (guicciardi,'Roth) occurs on Parnassus. A Pseudalinda 

 or Strigillaria {denticulata, Oliv) is found in the northern islands, 

 and in Andros and Tinos. Idyla, a sub-genus confined to upland 



