FOSSIL CYC ADS FROM THE BLACK HILLS— WARD. 215 



middle; reinoductivc organs abundant, disturbing the phyllotaxy, 

 tending to congregate and blend together, presenting a rough surface, 

 usually projecting, rather small and with few bract scars; armor 4 to 

 cm. thick, cortical parenchyma 2 to 3 cm., fibrous zone 15 to 30 mm. 

 with two or three rings, the outer either preserved and showing fine- 

 grained structure or much decayed, in either case conspicuously par- 

 titioned off by the medullary rays, the others also showing woody 

 wedges; medulla 8 by 12 cm. in diameter at the base, enlarging upward, 

 hard and homogeneous in structure. 



This species is founded on two specimens in the Yale collection, Nos. 

 50 and G4, cliielly the latter, No. 50 being only a small fragment. The 

 characters can not be forced into any other s[)ecies, especially the 

 inverted leaf scars and the peculiar hfibit of the vascular bundles in 

 the petioles. In No. 33, which is a branch of a trunk of the type of 

 No. 11, and lias been referred to (J. inarHhiana, this latter peculiarity 

 is nearly repeated, but this happeiis in no other specimen of that 

 species. 



No. 04 is the lower part of a trunk irregularly broken across the top 

 and down one side to near the middle. The apex is therefore unknown. 

 Jt is this specimen that has furnished all the external characters, but 

 No. 50 shows precisely tiic same (characters, so far as it goes, and adds 

 somewhat to the knowledge of the internal parts. No. 04 weighs 24.05 

 kg. and :No. 50, 3.20 kg. 



CYCADEOIDEA OCCIDENTALIS, new species. 



Trunks medium sized, conical or ellipsoidal, simple or with a few 

 small secondary axes, well silicified, moderately hard au<l heavy, red- 

 dish brown without, dark or nearly black within; organs of the armor 

 generally ascending; phyllotaxy not traceable in any of the specimens; 

 leaf scars subrhombic, variable in size, 10 to 25 mm. long, 10 to 10 mm. 

 high, usually filled by the leaf bases; bundles not visible; ramenta- 

 ceous interspaces thin, less than 2 mm., roughened without, white 

 within, contrasting strongly with the black petiolar substance in longi- 

 tudinal section; reproductive organs rare, slightly protruding, usually 

 having remains of the organs preserved, occasionally decayed so as to 

 leave openings, obscure from without, distinct in sections longitudinal 

 to them, penetrating to a depth of cm.; the substance above the 

 fruit light colored; fruit dark, elliptical or ovate, nearly homogeneous 

 and showing no structure, subtended by strong involucral bracts and 

 crowded by a mat of (;haff" probably cojisisting of the summits of the 

 interseminal scales, seeds not detectable; armor 5 to 8 cm. thick, 

 irregularly joined to the woody axis, the outer or parenchymatous 

 portion of which to a thickness of 3 cm. is more or less decayed in 

 most of the specimens, the fibrous zone divided into two rings each 

 about 15 mm. thick, the innermost very firm and fine-grained, its inner 

 wall (exposed in two specimens) regularly marked by the scars of the 



