NO. 1155. OSTEOLOGY OF THE FAMILY ZEIDM— STARES. 473 



Mandible strong and lieavy; nearly vertical; lower edge' only of 

 articular united with deutary {d), leaving a space above which is 

 bounded by an upper limb of articular extending forward to meet 

 upper limb of dentary. 



A portion of articular {ar) projecting backward from its aiticulation 

 with quadrate. 



Angular {mi) large; pointed behind and extending posteriorly past 

 articular; reaching to dentary anteriorly. 



Premaxillaries {pm) with a long, backward-extending process reach- 

 ing to above eye, or well past the anterior half of skull; lower ends 

 forked ; large process deveh>ped on the posterior edge extending behind 

 maxillary; anterior or toothed part of premaxillaries slightly meeting 

 above, but immediately behind a large open space is left between them. 



IIYOIl) AI'l-AUATUS. 



(Plato XXXIV, fig. 5.) 



Interhyal {ihfi) very long and rather stout, firmly articulated in a 

 shallow socket in ei)ihyal. 



Epihyal {ephy) triangular in shape. 



Oeratohyal (chy) with a concave portion cut out below, which breaks 

 its subcircular outline; a narrow foramen slightly above <'enter. 



Ifypohyals {hhy) exceedingly large and conspicuous; entirely lateral 

 in i)osition; urohyal and glossohyal so placed between opposing pairs 

 of hypohyals that they connect only through those bones. 



Urohyal (nhy) higher than long, attached a little above the middle of 

 its anterior edge. 



lirauchiostegals {br) eight in number, all attached to outer surlace of 

 ceratohyal. 



BKANCniAL AUCIIES. 



(Plato XXXIV, fig. 4.) 



Basibranchials {bbr) coossitied, forming a long splint of bone reaching 

 from between front of hypobranchials of third arch to glossohyal. 



ITypobranchials (hbr) of third arch short, meeting in a median line 

 behind basibranchial; ea<;h sends a long process forward, which curves 

 under basibranchial to in front of hypobranchials of second arch where 

 it meets its opposite fellow. 



Ossilied hypobranchials and basibranchials of fourth arch absent as 

 usual. 



First ])air of superior pharyngobranchials (phbr) extraordinarily 

 long and slender; upi)er ends hollow and quill-like; toothless. 



Second pair of superior pharyngobranchials as long as first, but 

 stouter; tooth i)atches at lower ends small. 



Third and last pair of superior pharyngobranchials large; tooth 

 patches several times larger than those of second pair; rather elongate 

 above. 



'Described as if mandible wero in its normal position — that is, subliorizontal. 



