NO. 1155. OSTEOLOGY OF THE FAMILY ZEID^E— STARR'S. 475 



Last vertebra assisted in forming hypural by the spines of the two 

 succeeding vertebra*. 



Kibs slender; anterior ones fitting into deep sockets low on the ver- 

 tebrae; no epipleurals in evidence. 



DORSAL ASl) ANAL ELEMENTS. 



(Plate XXXV, fi>,'8. 6-8.) 



First two dorsal spines with backward-downward developed processes 

 at their bases for attachment of muscles. 



PMrst two interhicmal spines ankylosed, forming a large spine which 

 runs upward, bordering abdominal cavity behind and at its upper end 

 fitting into a tube formed by the hjernal spines of three vertebra. 



Interneurals of spinous dorsal wide and rather irregular in shape. 



Interspinous rays of fin spines of dorsal and anal without greatly 

 developed lateral lamina.'. 



interspinous rays of soft fin rays uniformly thin and flat, with a wide, 

 tiiin lateral lamina of bone developed at right angles to them at their 

 middles. At the base between each two si)iiies an arch is left, each one 

 forming half an arch on each side of it. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 



SiGNn'iCANCE OF Kefekence LETTEns UsKi) ov Plates. 



Plate XXXIII. 



Figs. 1-3. Lateral, superior, and post^uior viewa (if skull 471 



ah. AliHi)liciioid. 



bo. IJasioccipital. 



epo. Epiotic. 



e. Ethmoid. 



eo. Exoccipital. 



fr. Frontal. 



na. Nasal. 



pah. Parasphenoid. 



p. Parietal. 



2)ot. Post-toinporaJ. 



pro. Prootic. 



2)to. Pterotic. 



pf. Prefrontal. 



8po. .Spbenotic. 



so. Supraoccipital. 



V, Vomer. 



Plate XXXIV. 



Fig. 4. I'.ranchial arches 473 



hhr. IJasibranchials. 



dr. Ceratobranchials. 



ebr. EpibrancliialH. 



hbr. Hypobran<hial9. 



iph. Inferior pharyngeal. 



phbr. Superior pharyugobranchials. 



