750 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



of rudimentary liydrantlis were described. Hiiicks also is mistaken in 

 describing- the liydrotbeca; as operculate. Continuing, Levinsen says: 

 I, as well as Allinan aud Hiiioks, have foiiiid tliese bodies on Hjidrdllinania falcata 

 and Diphaaia abietena, Itiit only on snth specimens as arc overgrown with Lafoea 

 dtimosa, or Filellum sirpens. I have also fonnd them on Lafoi-a frulicona and Gramniarla 

 ahietina. Just snch species with which no one has heretofore found gonophores. 



On tbe otber band, the autbor regards it a suspicious circumstance 

 that in Coppinia tbe gonangia hirgely i)redoniinate. The importance 

 of this discussion of Levinsen's lies, however, largely in tbe following 

 announcement: 



A closer investigation shows, liowever, that the network from which Coppinia 

 springs is connected with the stem or tube of that of iMfoi'a, I'ileHuin, or (Iraiinuaria, 

 together with which it (Coppinia) ajtpears.' 



In Lafoi-a fruiiro>ia the gonangia, as well as the curiously modified hydrotJiccic, 

 arise from the superficial peripheral tubes which form a richly branch«;d network. 

 It follows, therefore, that Coppinia arcta is simply the gonosome of species of Lafoiia, 

 Filellum, and Grammaria." [The emphasis is Levinsen's.] 



The figure given by this anthor shows a distinct connection between 

 the modified bydrotheca; of Coppinia and tbe stem tubes of //o/'of'a Jru- 

 ticosa, but does not indicate very plainly a similar connection between 

 tbe gonangia of Coppinia and tbe stem tubes of Lafoiki. 



Here, then, we have a remarkable disagreement between competent 

 authorities. AUman, after proposing the theory that Coppinia is simply 

 tbe gonosome of the species on which it grows, is forced upon further 

 research to distinctly abandon it. (JIarke, with the same theory in 

 mind, makes a very careful study of material sectioned and stained, 

 and is unable to find any real connection between Coppinia and the 

 stem tubes of the species on which it grows. Levinsen announces con- 

 fidently that be has demonstrated such a connection and the theory 

 originally proposed by Allman as well. 



Among some material collected in Puget Sound by the Young Natu- 

 ralists' Society of»Seattle were a number of specimens of Lafoiia dumosa 

 with tbe so-called Coppinia growing in dense masses on the stems. Tbe 

 present writer gladly embraced the opportunity to carefully investigate 

 the question so long in dispute regarding the identity of Coppinia with 

 the gonosome of tbe species upon which it grows. This investigation 

 was completed and the drawings made before I had seen any account 

 of Levinsen's researches, and therefore has the merit of an independent 

 discovery of the real nature of Coppinia, together with interesting 

 details not mentioned by Levinsen or otber ijrevions writers. 



A number of transverse sections were made of the compound stem of 

 the Lafoea dumosa aiid the encrusting growth of so-called Coppinia. 

 These sections were double stained, and upon examination were found 

 to reveal tbe following facts: 



First. There are well defined lateral connections between the axial 



'En narmere UndereOgelse viser nu, at det Netvserk, hvorfra Coppinia udgaar, 

 hsenger saramen med Stammeu eller E0rene af den Lafoi'a, Filellum, eller Grammaria, 

 sammen med hvilken den optrasder. 



