CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



Quaternary 475 



Pleistocene and Recent 477 



Summary of principal changes during the Quaternary era, 481 . Glacial 

 Beds, 482. Alluvial Deposits, 512 : (Pleistocene, 513. Recent, 

 520.) Terrestrial Phenomena, 531 : (Springs, 531. Swallow 

 Holes, 532. Tufa, 534. Mineral Springs, 535. Caverns, 540.- 

 Blown Sands, 546. Soils, 548.) Marine Deposits, 550 : (Sea 

 Beaches, 551. Raised Beaches, 553. Pleistocene and Recent 

 Marine Deposits, 554.) 



Volcanic Phenomena 557 



Old Volcanoes, 557. Earthquakes, 559- Eruptive aud Metamorphic 

 Rocks, 560 (with petrological notes by F. RuTLEY, 563-568). 

 General account of the Eruptive and Metamorphic Rocks of 

 England and Wales, 569. 



INIiNEKAL Veins and Metalliferous Deposits . 578 



Iron Ores, 580. Lead Ores, 581. Zinc Ores, 582. Copper Ores, 582. 

 Tin Ore, 582. Gold, 582. Silver Ores, 583. Manganese Ores, 

 583. Graphite, 583. 



Denudation and Scenery 584 



Shape of the Land, 585. Relation of Features to Geological Structure, 

 585. Physical Changes, 586. Hills, 589. Vales and Plains, 590, 

 Mountains, 591. Plains of Marine Denudation, 591. Sea Cliffs, 

 592. Islands, 593. Erosion of Sea-coasts, 594. Subaerial 

 Denudation, 596. Subsidences, 596. Landslips, 597. Escarp- 

 ments, 599. River-valleys, 600. Lakes, 602. Waterfalls, 603. 

 Inland Cliffs, 604. Weathering of Rocks, 605. Modern Fauna 

 and Flora, 606. Forests, 608. Influence of Man, 608. Linchets, 

 609. Conclusion, 610. 



Addenda et Corrigenda 612 



Appendix I. Records of some of the more important Well 

 Sinkings and Borings in England and 



Wales \To face 612 



,, II. Synopsis of the Animal Kingdom, with 

 especial reference to the Fossil Forms. 

 By E. T. Newton 613 



Index 625 



