156 



CARBONIFEROUS, 



the Carboniferous Limestone of the Lake District and Yorkshire, 

 derives its name from the characteristic features or ' scars ' pro- 

 duced by the rock. These bare precipices or mural escarpments 

 occur near the base of Ingleborough, Penyghent (Pennegent) and 

 Whernside, also above Giggleswick and Malham, in Gordale, etc. 



Under Ingleborough there is at the base a nearly undivided mass 

 of calcareous rocks from 500 to 650 feet thick; with only three or 

 four limestones in the Yoredale Series above. Amongst the rocks 

 of this district are the Great Whernside Limestone (1000 feet), 

 the Melmerby Scar Limestone, the Dufton Scar Limestone, etc. 



At Skipton there are several quarries, known as the Skipton Rock 

 and Hambleton Rock quarries, and Draughton quarry. At the last- 

 named spot, situated behind the Matchless Inn, the Limestone 

 exhibits two sharp synclinal and anticlinal folds.^ (See Fig. 21.) 



Fig. 21. — Draughton Quarry, near Skipton. 



(Dr. C. Ricketts.) 



Hf==r=-[[ 



Carboniferous Limestone. 



In the valley of the Ribble, north of Settle, the Carboniferous 

 Limestone rests on the Silurian rocks ; and at Combe quarries, near 

 Clapham, there is a fine section showing the Limestone lying un- 

 conformably on the upturned and folded edges of the Silurian 

 slates and grits. 



A large collection of fossils from the Carboniferous Limestone 

 of Yorkshire (now placed in the British Museum at South Ken- 

 sington) was made by William Gilbertson of Clitheroe.^ At 

 Bolland or Bowland, near Clitheroe, and at Settle in Yorkshire, 

 many fossils have been found, including the Trilobites Phillipsia 

 truncatida, P. latkaudata, Griffithides globiccps, G. acanthiceps and 

 other species.^ 



The Carboniferous Limestone series (from 600 to 2000 feet in 

 thickness) forms a narrow band on the eastern side of the Vale of 

 Eden ; and bordering the western side of the vale, it forms a belt 

 around the old slaty region of the Lake District between Kirkby 



1 See Dr. C. Ricketts, Proc. Liverpool G. S. iv. 133 ; and S. A. Adamson, 

 Trans. Leeds Geol. Assoc. 1886. 



2 Many of the specimens were figured by John Phillips, Geology of Yorkshire, 

 part ii. 1836 ; see also R. Etheridge, jun., G. Mag. 1879, p. 161. 



3 Dr. H. Woodward, G. Mag. 1883, pp. 445, 481. See also West Yorkshire, 

 by J. W. Davis and F. A. Lees, edit. 2, p. 64. 



