1 66 CARBONIFEROUS. 



sedimentary and fossiliferous character. ]\Ir. J. G. Goodchild, 

 whose observations we quote, is disposed to regard these beds as 

 representing deposits of siliceous mud, derived from Diatoms, 

 Radiolarians, and Sponges inhabiting the deep sea at that period.^ 

 The beds, although of different origin, are of similar character to 

 those occurring in the Millstone Grit of North Wales. (See p. 

 170.) Deposits of the same nature are also met with in the upper 

 Yoredale rocks in north-west Yorkshire.^ 



At Hesket Newmarket there are grits, limestones, and shales, 

 with thin bands of coal ; and at Dent there are beds of black lime- 

 stone or marble, known as the Dent Limestone, which is on the 

 same horizon as the Hardra Limestone. Below Great Whernside 

 the Parkhead Limestone (30 feet) is conspicuous. 



In the Ribble Valley and at Bowland Forest, the Millstone Grit 

 and Yoredale rocks admit of the followino: divisions : — 



Millstone 

 Grit. 



Upper Yoredale Grit, consisting of grits and beds of sandy shale, 



also conglomerate, 1000 to 1200 feet. 

 Bowland Shales, black and grey bituminous shales, with beds of 

 sandstone and limestone, 600 to 700 feet. These beds were 

 named by Prof. Phillips from the Forest of Bowland. 

 Lower Yoredale Grit, consisting of grits, sandstones, shales, and 

 ironstones, having a thickness of about 600 feet. 

 rl. Shales with Limestones, with, near the top, the Pendleside Lime- 

 Y J , I stone (so termed by Mr. R. H. Tiddeman), which shows a 



r> 1. -( thickness, with interlsedded shales, of about 350 feet, at Pendle 



I Hill. The total thickness of this division is upwards of 3000 



^ feet.3 



The Yoredale Grits at Longridge Fell have been termed the 

 Lower and Upper Longridge Grits. ^ These beds are now grouped 

 (under the name of the Shale Grit) with the Millstone Grit by 

 Prof. Green. (See p. 170.) Li Flintshire the INIillstone Grit rests 

 directly on the Carboniferous Limestone, having apparently over- 

 lapped the Yoredale Series. 



Near Oswestry the Yoredale Series has been divided by Mr. D. 

 C. Davies as follows : * — 



2. Calcareous sandstones passing into ^limestones, burnt for lime at Mold, 



and quarried at Wern. 

 I. Red and yellow sandstones with Schizodus. 



The lower portions of the Cefn-y-Fedw sandstone have been 

 grouped by Mr. G. H. Morton with the Yoredale Series. (Seep. 171.) 



The Yoredale sandstones form the long anticlinal dome of Gun 

 Hill, north of Leek, also Badger's Clough. These beds consist 

 of hard close-grained sandstone, with shales. 



^ Trans. Cumberland Assoc, part vii. p. 125. 

 - Phillips, Geol. Yorkshire, part 2. 



•' Geology of Burnley Coal-field, p. 17. Notes by R. H. Tiddeman and W. 

 Gunn. 

 * C. E. De Ranee, G. Mag. 1883, p. 501. 

 ^ P. Geol. Assoc, iv. 564. 



