PERMIAN. 217 



Hughes has found it almost impossible to distinguish between 

 Permian and Trias.' 



In Anglesey the Permian beds rest unconformably upon the 

 Coal-measures ; they consist of red marls, sandstones, and con- 

 glomerates, and attain a thickness of about 400 feet. 



Perhaps the most interesting Permian beds in the western 

 counties are the conglomerates and breccias. In the Clent and 

 Bromsgrove Lickey Hills are certain detrital beds, first described 

 by Dr. Buckland, who identified among the pebbles quartzite 

 similar to that of the Lower Lickey.* (See p. 91.) The breccias 



Fig. 33. — Section across the I.ickey Hills, Worcestershire. 

 (Sir A. C. Ramsay.) 



3. Breccia 'ipprmian ^- ^^"'ts. 



2. Marls and sandstone. > ^"'^" 5. Red marl. Keuper. 



I. Quartzite. s ( Cambrian and Silurian. 4. White sandstone. Bunter. 

 See pp. 6s, 91.) 



of these localities (see Fig. 33), and also of Enville, the Abberley 

 and Malvern Hills, are generally rough, coarse, and subangular ; 

 the stones and boulders being embedded in a red marly paste. 

 In Sir Andrew Ramsay's opinion these are simply old boulder- 

 clays, formed at a glacial period in Permian times. The boulders 

 comprise mica-schist, quartz-rock, sandstone, grit, slate, and 

 igneous rocks, some of which are polished and scratched. Jukes 

 thought the fragments might be derived from adjacent rocks now 

 concealed under the New Red beds of the neighbourhood.'' The 

 glacial origin of the scratches has been questioned by Prof. T. G. 

 Bonney, and others, who attribute them to the friction between the 

 stones themselves, caused by disturbances of the beds. (See p. 2 1 0.) 

 The following is the succession of the Permian rocks between 

 Enville and the Forest of Wyre : * — 



Permian. 



Sandstone and red marls. 

 Coarse breccia. 



Sandstone and red marls, containing two beds of calcareous con- 

 glomerate, with pebbles chiefly of Carboniferous Limestone. 



At the Clent Hills, the Permian breccia is about 450 feet in 

 thickness. On the eastern face of the Malvern Hills there is a 



^ Q.J. xxix. 406 ; see also Proc. Chester Soc Nat. Science, 1885. 

 ^ E. Hull, Triassic and Permian Rocks (Geol. .Survey), p. 17 ; see also H. E. 

 Strickland, Proc. G. S. iii. 446. 



•■' See W. J. Harrison, Midland Naturalist, viii. 102. 



* Geol. S. Staffordshire Coal-field, edit. 2, p. 15. 



* A. C, Ramsay, Q.J. xi. 185. 



