226 NEW RED SANDSTONE. 



Keuper and Bunter Beds at Ormskirk is, in the opinion of Mr. A. 

 Strahan, due to false-bedding.' 



The Lower Mottled Sandstone is well shown at Eastham in 

 Cheshire. It is also developed in the country around Stourport, 

 Bridgenorth, Bewdley, and Wribbenhall ; and there the rock is 

 remarkably false-bedded. At the base of the Pebble-beds in the 

 Bridgenorth district there is a breccia of grits, quartz, slate, lime- 

 stone, etc., which is 60 feet thick at Kidderminster, and forms the 

 fine ridges of Apley Terrace, Pendlestone Rock, Abbot's Castle 

 Hill, and Kinver Edge. 



The following divisions in Worcestershire were made by G. E. 

 Roberts :■ — 



Upper soft red sandstone (Bromesbarrow Beds) 200 feet. 



Reddish conglomerate, of Kidderminster and Wolverley 400 ,, 



Lower soft red sandstone, of Abberley and Stourport (Stourport Beds) 200 ,, 



The Vale of Clwyd is formed partly in the Bunter Sandstone, 

 belonging in all probability to the Lower Mottled Sandstone ; but 

 sections are rarely seen owing to the covering of drift. The beds 

 are faulted on the east side of the Vale, against the Silurian rocks 

 (Wenlock Shale), with a downthrow estimated by Mr. Strahan at 

 not less than 1200 feet. (See Fig. 3, p. 25.) 



The Bunter beds have not been identified with certainty south of 

 Malvern, but there is a probability of their being represented in 

 West Somerset and Devon (see sequel). Near Malvern they are 

 represented by 400 feet of red and white sandstones and con- 

 glomerate. 



The Bunter sandstone yields a good supply of water, being in fact one of the 

 most prolific of the water-bearing strata. The Lower Mottled Sandstone yields 

 an excellent moulding sand for iron-furnaces, in Nottinghamshire, etc. The Bunter 

 Conglomerate of Cannock Chase has yielded lead and copper ores.^ 



Keuper. 



The Keuper beds (or New Red Marl) which overlie the Bunter 

 are locally divided into : — 



Upper Keuper. — Red and variegated marls with beds of sandstone, 800 to 

 3000 feet ; and sandstones and marls (Waterstones). 



Loiver Keuper or Basemeiit Beds. — Sandstones, building-stones, and grits 

 and breccias, having a thickness of 150 to 200 feet in Derbyshire 

 and Staffordshire, and 250 feet in Lancashire and Cheshire. 



The term Red Marl was used by William Smith in 1815. Keuper 

 is a provincial German term.^ The upper New Red Marls of 



^ G. Mag. 1 88 1, p. 401 ; see also E. Hull, Triassic and Permian Rocks, p. 86. 



"^ T. R. Jones, Mon. Fossil Esthericc, pp. 62, 63 ; Rev. W. S. Symonds and A. 

 Lambert, Q. J. xvii. 152. 



■' W. Molyneux, G. Mag. 1873, p. 16. 



* Nom technique des mineurs de I'Allemagne occidentale, Alex. Brongniart, 

 Tableau des Terrains, etc., 1829. 



